The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats
Background. Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in milk thistle, has been used to treat liver and brain injuries in humans and animals. The study aims to investigate the protective effects of silymarin on spatial and passive avoidance memory, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in the b...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6639533 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832547246096252928 |
|---|---|
| author | Razieh Moalefshahri Hossein Javid Fatemeh Gheybi Somaye Fallahnezhad Seyed Isaac Hashemy |
| author_facet | Razieh Moalefshahri Hossein Javid Fatemeh Gheybi Somaye Fallahnezhad Seyed Isaac Hashemy |
| author_sort | Razieh Moalefshahri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in milk thistle, has been used to treat liver and brain injuries in humans and animals. The study aims to investigate the protective effects of silymarin on spatial and passive avoidance memory, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in the brain and liver tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats. Methods. The study involved 30 female Wistar rats divided into control, sham, and three silymarin-treated groups. After ovariectomy, rats underwent CT scan, and some of them were administered silymarin via gavage for 2 months. Memory and learning were assessed using Morris water maze and shuttle box tests. Brain and liver tissues were analyzed for inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (CAT, SOD, and MDA) after sacrifice. Results. Silymarin improved spatial memory and fear learning compared to the sham group (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001). It also significantly reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the cortex, hippocampus, and liver (P≤0.05 to P≤0.0001) and increased CAT and SOD while decreasing MDA levels (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001) compared to control and sham groups. Conclusion. Long-term administration of silymarin extract can improve learning and memory, reverse cognitive impairment caused by ovariectomy, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory factors induced by ovariectomy in the liver and brain of Wistar rats. This is due to the reduction in MDA levels and an increase in CAT activity, although silymarin has some effect on SOD at high doses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aca647515b6b4288b899d8454c3f4c66 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-aca647515b6b4288b899d8454c3f4c662025-02-03T06:45:38ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation1466-18612023-01-01202310.1155/2023/6639533The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar RatsRazieh Moalefshahri0Hossein Javid1Fatemeh Gheybi2Somaye Fallahnezhad3Seyed Isaac Hashemy4Department of Clinical BiochemistryDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryDepartment of Medical BiotechnologyNervous System Stem Cells Research CenterDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryBackground. Silymarin, a polyphenolic flavonoid found in milk thistle, has been used to treat liver and brain injuries in humans and animals. The study aims to investigate the protective effects of silymarin on spatial and passive avoidance memory, oxidative stress, and inflammatory factors in the brain and liver tissues of ovariectomized (OVX) Wistar rats. Methods. The study involved 30 female Wistar rats divided into control, sham, and three silymarin-treated groups. After ovariectomy, rats underwent CT scan, and some of them were administered silymarin via gavage for 2 months. Memory and learning were assessed using Morris water maze and shuttle box tests. Brain and liver tissues were analyzed for inflammatory factors (IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6) and oxidative stress markers (CAT, SOD, and MDA) after sacrifice. Results. Silymarin improved spatial memory and fear learning compared to the sham group (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001). It also significantly reduced IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 levels in the cortex, hippocampus, and liver (P≤0.05 to P≤0.0001) and increased CAT and SOD while decreasing MDA levels (P≤0.05 to P≤0.001) compared to control and sham groups. Conclusion. Long-term administration of silymarin extract can improve learning and memory, reverse cognitive impairment caused by ovariectomy, and reduce oxidative stress and inflammatory factors induced by ovariectomy in the liver and brain of Wistar rats. This is due to the reduction in MDA levels and an increase in CAT activity, although silymarin has some effect on SOD at high doses.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6639533 |
| spellingShingle | Razieh Moalefshahri Hossein Javid Fatemeh Gheybi Somaye Fallahnezhad Seyed Isaac Hashemy The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats |
| title_full | The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats |
| title_short | The Role of Silymarin in Mitigating Inflammation and Cognitive Impairment Induced by Ovariectomy in Wistar Rats |
| title_sort | role of silymarin in mitigating inflammation and cognitive impairment induced by ovariectomy in wistar rats |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6639533 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT raziehmoalefshahri theroleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT hosseinjavid theroleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT fatemehgheybi theroleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT somayefallahnezhad theroleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT seyedisaachashemy theroleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT raziehmoalefshahri roleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT hosseinjavid roleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT fatemehgheybi roleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT somayefallahnezhad roleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats AT seyedisaachashemy roleofsilymarininmitigatinginflammationandcognitiveimpairmentinducedbyovariectomyinwistarrats |