Effect of Synthetic Peptides Identified in the Bullfrog Skin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Control: An In Vitro Analysis

(1) Background: This study evaluated the potential of a synthetic peptide (SGHPGAMGPVGPR), identified in the bullfrog (<i>Lithobates catesbeianus</i>) skin, in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress using RAW 264.7 macrophages; (2) Methods: Molecular docking determined its optimal...

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Main Authors: Silvânia Mól Pelinsari, Patricia da Silva Mattosinhos, Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias, Rosinéa Aparecida de Paula, Romulo Dias Novaes, Emerson Ferreira Vilela, Giuseppe Valacchi, Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2223
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author Silvânia Mól Pelinsari
Patricia da Silva Mattosinhos
Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias
Rosinéa Aparecida de Paula
Romulo Dias Novaes
Emerson Ferreira Vilela
Giuseppe Valacchi
Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
author_facet Silvânia Mól Pelinsari
Patricia da Silva Mattosinhos
Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias
Rosinéa Aparecida de Paula
Romulo Dias Novaes
Emerson Ferreira Vilela
Giuseppe Valacchi
Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
author_sort Silvânia Mól Pelinsari
collection DOAJ
description (1) Background: This study evaluated the potential of a synthetic peptide (SGHPGAMGPVGPR), identified in the bullfrog (<i>Lithobates catesbeianus</i>) skin, in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress using RAW 264.7 macrophages; (2) Methods: Molecular docking determined its optimal interaction with cyclooxygenase (COX-2) an enzyme related to the production of prostaglandins, which play a crucial essential role in the inflammatory response. The peptide was commercially synthesized company, and its antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expression and cell production were additionally quantified. (3) Results: The peptide SGHPGAMGPVGPR, designated as P1, exhibited remarkable free radical scavenging capacity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. No significant difference was observed in SOD and CAT activity in P1-treated macrophages, likely due to downregulation in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Reduced GST activity was observed in these cells, which was potentially associated with TNF-α downregulation; (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that P1 modulates the antioxidant response through pathways independent of classical antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, decreased IL-6, COX2, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression was observed, indicating the involvement of a key pathway in the regulation of the OxInflammation process.
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spelling doaj-art-ac73f45acd52472f86a7a5847560e58b2025-08-20T03:48:02ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-05-013010222310.3390/molecules30102223Effect of Synthetic Peptides Identified in the Bullfrog Skin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Control: An In Vitro AnalysisSilvânia Mól Pelinsari0Patricia da Silva Mattosinhos1Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias2Rosinéa Aparecida de Paula3Romulo Dias Novaes4Emerson Ferreira Vilela5Giuseppe Valacchi6Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves7Department of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, BrazilDepartment of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, BrazilDepartment of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, BrazilDepartment of Animal Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, BrazilDepartment of Structural Biology, Biomedical Science Institute, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas 37130-000, MG, BrazilMinas Gerais Agricultural Research Agency (EPAMIG Sul), Experimental Field of São Sebastião do Paraíso, São Sebastião do Paraíso 37959-899, MG, BrazilDepartment of Animal Science, Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USADepartment of General Biology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil(1) Background: This study evaluated the potential of a synthetic peptide (SGHPGAMGPVGPR), identified in the bullfrog (<i>Lithobates catesbeianus</i>) skin, in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress using RAW 264.7 macrophages; (2) Methods: Molecular docking determined its optimal interaction with cyclooxygenase (COX-2) an enzyme related to the production of prostaglandins, which play a crucial essential role in the inflammatory response. The peptide was commercially synthesized company, and its antioxidant capacity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP assays. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) levels, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione s-transferase (GST) activity, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene expression and cell production were additionally quantified. (3) Results: The peptide SGHPGAMGPVGPR, designated as P1, exhibited remarkable free radical scavenging capacity, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities. No significant difference was observed in SOD and CAT activity in P1-treated macrophages, likely due to downregulation in the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Reduced GST activity was observed in these cells, which was potentially associated with TNF-α downregulation; (4) Conclusions: These findings suggest that P1 modulates the antioxidant response through pathways independent of classical antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, decreased IL-6, COX2, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression was observed, indicating the involvement of a key pathway in the regulation of the OxInflammation process.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2223peptidesinflammatory responseskin diseasesbullfrogcytokines
spellingShingle Silvânia Mól Pelinsari
Patricia da Silva Mattosinhos
Manoela Maciel dos Santos Dias
Rosinéa Aparecida de Paula
Romulo Dias Novaes
Emerson Ferreira Vilela
Giuseppe Valacchi
Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves
Effect of Synthetic Peptides Identified in the Bullfrog Skin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Control: An In Vitro Analysis
Molecules
peptides
inflammatory response
skin diseases
bullfrog
cytokines
title Effect of Synthetic Peptides Identified in the Bullfrog Skin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Control: An In Vitro Analysis
title_full Effect of Synthetic Peptides Identified in the Bullfrog Skin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Control: An In Vitro Analysis
title_fullStr Effect of Synthetic Peptides Identified in the Bullfrog Skin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Control: An In Vitro Analysis
title_full_unstemmed Effect of Synthetic Peptides Identified in the Bullfrog Skin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Control: An In Vitro Analysis
title_short Effect of Synthetic Peptides Identified in the Bullfrog Skin on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Control: An In Vitro Analysis
title_sort effect of synthetic peptides identified in the bullfrog skin on inflammation and oxidative stress control an in vitro analysis
topic peptides
inflammatory response
skin diseases
bullfrog
cytokines
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/10/2223
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