Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial

Background: Obesity is associated with decreased physical performance, especially in older individuals. Some studies have examined the impact of exercise on obesity outcomes as part of a palliative care program. Objective: This parallel-group randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of w...

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Main Authors: Foroozandeh Zaravar, Golamhossein Tamaddon, Mohammadamin Safari, Leila Zaravar, Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SAGE Publishing 2025-07-01
Series:Women's Health
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057251361255
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author Foroozandeh Zaravar
Golamhossein Tamaddon
Mohammadamin Safari
Leila Zaravar
Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
author_facet Foroozandeh Zaravar
Golamhossein Tamaddon
Mohammadamin Safari
Leila Zaravar
Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
author_sort Foroozandeh Zaravar
collection DOAJ
description Background: Obesity is associated with decreased physical performance, especially in older individuals. Some studies have examined the impact of exercise on obesity outcomes as part of a palliative care program. Objective: This parallel-group randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of water-based aerobic exercise training and vitamin D3 supplementation on body mass index (BMI) and physical performance in postmenopausal women who were overweight or obese and had insufficient or deficient levels of serum vitamin D. Design: This was an experimental study. Methods: Forty women were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Water-based training + vitamin D (WTD), water-based training (WT), vitamin D (D), and control. The training program (aerobic-based exercise) and vitamin D3 supplementation were conducted for 8 weeks, three times a week. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention. Results: The WTD group showed significant improvement in BMI, handgrip strength, and gait speed compared to all other groups ( p  > 0.05), and significant enhancements in right and left leg static balance and gait speed compared to the D and control groups ( p  < 0.05). The WT group demonstrated improvements in handgrip strength compared to the control group and enhancements in right and left leg static balance and gait speed compared to the D and control groups ( p  < 0.05). Vitamin D3 supplementation improved handgrip strength compared to the control group ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion: Water-based training with or without vitamin D3 supplementation significantly improved physical fitness indices, with combination showing the most pronounced effects. Vitamin D3 supplementation alone did not have a significant impact on most physical fitness measures.
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spelling doaj-art-ac33257857794893b395070854fd16ec2025-08-20T03:58:49ZengSAGE PublishingWomen's Health1745-50652025-07-012110.1177/17455057251361255Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trialForoozandeh Zaravar0Golamhossein Tamaddon1Mohammadamin Safari2Leila Zaravar3Maryam Koushkie Jahromi4General Sciences Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, IranDivision of Hematology and Blood Bank, Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, IranDepartment of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, IranDepartment of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, IranDepartment of Sports Sciences, Shiraz University, IranBackground: Obesity is associated with decreased physical performance, especially in older individuals. Some studies have examined the impact of exercise on obesity outcomes as part of a palliative care program. Objective: This parallel-group randomized controlled trial investigated the effects of water-based aerobic exercise training and vitamin D3 supplementation on body mass index (BMI) and physical performance in postmenopausal women who were overweight or obese and had insufficient or deficient levels of serum vitamin D. Design: This was an experimental study. Methods: Forty women were randomly assigned to one of four groups: Water-based training + vitamin D (WTD), water-based training (WT), vitamin D (D), and control. The training program (aerobic-based exercise) and vitamin D3 supplementation were conducted for 8 weeks, three times a week. Measurements were taken before and after the intervention. Results: The WTD group showed significant improvement in BMI, handgrip strength, and gait speed compared to all other groups ( p  > 0.05), and significant enhancements in right and left leg static balance and gait speed compared to the D and control groups ( p  < 0.05). The WT group demonstrated improvements in handgrip strength compared to the control group and enhancements in right and left leg static balance and gait speed compared to the D and control groups ( p  < 0.05). Vitamin D3 supplementation improved handgrip strength compared to the control group ( p  < 0.05). Conclusion: Water-based training with or without vitamin D3 supplementation significantly improved physical fitness indices, with combination showing the most pronounced effects. Vitamin D3 supplementation alone did not have a significant impact on most physical fitness measures.https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057251361255
spellingShingle Foroozandeh Zaravar
Golamhossein Tamaddon
Mohammadamin Safari
Leila Zaravar
Maryam Koushkie Jahromi
Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
Women's Health
title Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
title_full Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
title_fullStr Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
title_full_unstemmed Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
title_short Vitamin D3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water-based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women: A randomized controlled trial
title_sort vitamin d3 supplementation enhances the effect of aerobic water based training on physical fitness indices in obese and overweight menopausal women a randomized controlled trial
url https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057251361255
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