Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic Ingredient
The decline in autophagy disrupts homeostasis in skin cells, leading to oxidative stress, energy deficiency, and inflammation—all key contributors to skin photoaging. Consequently, activating autophagy has become a focal strategy for delaying skin photoaging. Natural plants are rich in functional mo...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Qiwen Zheng Xiangji Jin Trang Thi Minh Nguyen Eun-Ji Yi Se-Jig Park Gyeong-Seon Yi Su-Jin Yang Tae-Hoo Yi |
| author_facet | Qiwen Zheng Xiangji Jin Trang Thi Minh Nguyen Eun-Ji Yi Se-Jig Park Gyeong-Seon Yi Su-Jin Yang Tae-Hoo Yi |
| author_sort | Qiwen Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The decline in autophagy disrupts homeostasis in skin cells, leading to oxidative stress, energy deficiency, and inflammation—all key contributors to skin photoaging. Consequently, activating autophagy has become a focal strategy for delaying skin photoaging. Natural plants are rich in functional molecules and widely used in the development of anti-photoaging cosmetics. <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> (HD), as a medicinal plant, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties; however, its effects on skin photoaging remain unclear. This study investigates HD’s potential to counteract skin photoaging by restoring mitochondrial autophagy in keratinocytes. We used HPLC to detect the main chemical components in HD and, using a UVB-induced photoaging model in HaCaT keratinocytes, examined the effects of HD on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, and the cell cycle. Cellular respiration was further evaluated with the Seahorse XFp Analyzer, and RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the impact of HD on mitochondrial autophagy-related gene expression and signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that HD promotes autophagy by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PINK/PARK2 pathways, which stabilizes mitochondrial quality, maintains MMP and Ca<sup>2+</sup> balance, and reduces cytochrome c release. These effects relieve cell cycle arrest and prevent apoptosis associated with an increased BAX/BCL-2 ratio. Thus, HD holds promise as an effective anti-photoaging ingredient with potential applications in the development of cosmetic products. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab634554217744588c9ad47599b169a1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab634554217744588c9ad47599b169a12025-01-24T13:43:18ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-01-0130226110.3390/molecules30020261Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic IngredientQiwen Zheng0Xiangji Jin1Trang Thi Minh Nguyen2Eun-Ji Yi3Se-Jig Park4Gyeong-Seon Yi5Su-Jin Yang6Tae-Hoo Yi7Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biopharmaceutical Biotechnology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaGraduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yongin-si 17104, Republic of KoreaThe decline in autophagy disrupts homeostasis in skin cells, leading to oxidative stress, energy deficiency, and inflammation—all key contributors to skin photoaging. Consequently, activating autophagy has become a focal strategy for delaying skin photoaging. Natural plants are rich in functional molecules and widely used in the development of anti-photoaging cosmetics. <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> (HD), as a medicinal plant, is renowned for its anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties; however, its effects on skin photoaging remain unclear. This study investigates HD’s potential to counteract skin photoaging by restoring mitochondrial autophagy in keratinocytes. We used HPLC to detect the main chemical components in HD and, using a UVB-induced photoaging model in HaCaT keratinocytes, examined the effects of HD on reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), apoptosis, and the cell cycle. Cellular respiration was further evaluated with the Seahorse XFp Analyzer, and RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to analyze the impact of HD on mitochondrial autophagy-related gene expression and signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that HD promotes autophagy by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and PINK/PARK2 pathways, which stabilizes mitochondrial quality, maintains MMP and Ca<sup>2+</sup> balance, and reduces cytochrome c release. These effects relieve cell cycle arrest and prevent apoptosis associated with an increased BAX/BCL-2 ratio. Thus, HD holds promise as an effective anti-photoaging ingredient with potential applications in the development of cosmetic products.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/261autophagy-enhancing<i>Hedyotis diffusa</i>anti-photoagingHaCaT keratinocytes |
| spellingShingle | Qiwen Zheng Xiangji Jin Trang Thi Minh Nguyen Eun-Ji Yi Se-Jig Park Gyeong-Seon Yi Su-Jin Yang Tae-Hoo Yi Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic Ingredient Molecules autophagy-enhancing <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> anti-photoaging HaCaT keratinocytes |
| title | Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic Ingredient |
| title_full | Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic Ingredient |
| title_fullStr | Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic Ingredient |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic Ingredient |
| title_short | Autophagy-Enhancing Properties of <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> Extracts in HaCaT Keratinocytes: Potential as an Anti-Photoaging Cosmetic Ingredient |
| title_sort | autophagy enhancing properties of i hedyotis diffusa i extracts in hacat keratinocytes potential as an anti photoaging cosmetic ingredient |
| topic | autophagy-enhancing <i>Hedyotis diffusa</i> anti-photoaging HaCaT keratinocytes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/2/261 |
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