An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing

Abstract Artificial skins are essential for bridging sensory gaps between robots and environments, enabling natural and intuitive interactions. While artificial skins can sense stimuli like pressure and stretchability, their capabilities need to be expanded into chemical sensing for specific applica...

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Main Authors: Benhui Dai, Yingjie Zheng, Yihang Qian, Xiaoyong Hu, Zhizhong Sun, Zenghong Ma, Guanjun Bao, Huaping Wu, Xuan Luo, Josie Hughes, Xiangjiang Liu, Yibin Ying, Lijuan Xie
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:npj Flexible Electronics
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00431-6
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author Benhui Dai
Yingjie Zheng
Yihang Qian
Xiaoyong Hu
Zhizhong Sun
Zenghong Ma
Guanjun Bao
Huaping Wu
Xuan Luo
Josie Hughes
Xiangjiang Liu
Yibin Ying
Lijuan Xie
author_facet Benhui Dai
Yingjie Zheng
Yihang Qian
Xiaoyong Hu
Zhizhong Sun
Zenghong Ma
Guanjun Bao
Huaping Wu
Xuan Luo
Josie Hughes
Xiangjiang Liu
Yibin Ying
Lijuan Xie
author_sort Benhui Dai
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Artificial skins are essential for bridging sensory gaps between robots and environments, enabling natural and intuitive interactions. While artificial skins can sense stimuli like pressure and stretchability, their capabilities need to be expanded into chemical sensing for specific applications. Here, we introduce optical/electronic artificial skins (oe-skins), advancing robotic sensing from physical perception to chemical sensation. Our design integrates optical fibers into a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based haptic electronic skin. This empowers the skin to sense force and temperature, while detecting near-infrared (NIR) optical signals from molecules, giving dual modalities of physical and chemical sensing. We successfully implement the oe-skin into robots, enabling intraocular pressure and glucose level detection for diagnosing glaucoma and diabetes. Additionally, we demonstrated their effectiveness in delicately harvesting fruits and grading them by ripeness, firmness, and sugar levels. We present a blueprint for next-generation intelligent electronics where technological progress aligns with sustainable development and societal well-being.
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issn 2397-4621
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publishDate 2025-08-01
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series npj Flexible Electronics
spelling doaj-art-ab3e4f52d9ab478a829e02c7ca0575a12025-08-20T03:06:10ZengNature Portfolionpj Flexible Electronics2397-46212025-08-019111010.1038/s41528-025-00431-6An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensingBenhui Dai0Yingjie Zheng1Yihang Qian2Xiaoyong Hu3Zhizhong Sun4Zenghong Ma5Guanjun Bao6Huaping Wu7Xuan Luo8Josie Hughes9Xiangjiang Liu10Yibin Ying11Lijuan Xie12College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of TechnologyCollege of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University of TechnologyCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityCREATE Lab, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityCollege of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang UniversityAbstract Artificial skins are essential for bridging sensory gaps between robots and environments, enabling natural and intuitive interactions. While artificial skins can sense stimuli like pressure and stretchability, their capabilities need to be expanded into chemical sensing for specific applications. Here, we introduce optical/electronic artificial skins (oe-skins), advancing robotic sensing from physical perception to chemical sensation. Our design integrates optical fibers into a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based haptic electronic skin. This empowers the skin to sense force and temperature, while detecting near-infrared (NIR) optical signals from molecules, giving dual modalities of physical and chemical sensing. We successfully implement the oe-skin into robots, enabling intraocular pressure and glucose level detection for diagnosing glaucoma and diabetes. Additionally, we demonstrated their effectiveness in delicately harvesting fruits and grading them by ripeness, firmness, and sugar levels. We present a blueprint for next-generation intelligent electronics where technological progress aligns with sustainable development and societal well-being.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00431-6
spellingShingle Benhui Dai
Yingjie Zheng
Yihang Qian
Xiaoyong Hu
Zhizhong Sun
Zenghong Ma
Guanjun Bao
Huaping Wu
Xuan Luo
Josie Hughes
Xiangjiang Liu
Yibin Ying
Lijuan Xie
An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing
npj Flexible Electronics
title An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing
title_full An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing
title_fullStr An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing
title_full_unstemmed An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing
title_short An optical/electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing
title_sort optical electronic artificial skin extends the robotic sense to molecular sensing
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41528-025-00431-6
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