Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from Lebanon
The COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge of critically ill patients and a sudden increase in the need for oxygen treatment worldwide. Pre-existing gaps in oxygen systems became apparent, and governments, multilateral agencies, and other partners scrambled to increase the production, supply, and use of o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Emergency Medicine International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9964636 |
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| _version_ | 1832558612681064448 |
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| author | Tim Baker Claudio Gatti Guido Rossini Habtamu Tolla Anne Detjen Mulugeta Mideksa Nadeen Hilal Rima Shaya |
| author_facet | Tim Baker Claudio Gatti Guido Rossini Habtamu Tolla Anne Detjen Mulugeta Mideksa Nadeen Hilal Rima Shaya |
| author_sort | Tim Baker |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge of critically ill patients and a sudden increase in the need for oxygen treatment worldwide. Pre-existing gaps in oxygen systems became apparent, and governments, multilateral agencies, and other partners scrambled to increase the production, supply, and use of oxygen to meet this need. The importance of an oxygen ecosystem that is appropriate for the local context became clear. This review describes strategies for oxygen ecosystems in middle-income countries, with specific experiences from Lebanon, following the authors’ extensive assessment of the country’s oxygen ecosystem, on behalf of the government and UNICEF. In the assessment, fifteen governmental hospitals were visited and evaluated using the UNICEF Oxygen System Planning Tool, discussions were held with key stakeholders, and documents were reviewed. An optimal oxygen ecosystem needs to take into consideration the production of oxygen and delivery to facilities, the maintenance system within facilities, and the clinical use of oxygen. Lebanon, a lower-middle income country in the Middle East, is contending with an extensive economic crisis affecting the health system. Eighteen recommendations for strengthening the oxygen ecosystem in Lebanon that are relevant for other middle-income countries include the establishment of a National Oxygen Committee, installation of additional oxygen plants, strengthened systems for maintenance and electricity supply, increased production, procurement and supply chain resilience, improved training and human resources, the use of data collection and regular information to guide the ecosystem, and integration of oxygen into the rest of the health system. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ab071258896740c4b435fa0f3d11d243 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-2859 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Emergency Medicine International |
| spelling | doaj-art-ab071258896740c4b435fa0f3d11d2432025-02-03T01:31:59ZengWileyEmergency Medicine International2090-28592024-01-01202410.1155/2024/9964636Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from LebanonTim Baker0Claudio Gatti1Guido Rossini2Habtamu Tolla3Anne Detjen4Mulugeta Mideksa5Nadeen Hilal6Rima Shaya7Queen Mary University of LondonThink Global SrlThink Global SrlUNICEF HeadquartersUNICEF HeadquartersUNICEF Middle East and North AfricaMinistry of Public HealthUNICEF Lebanon Country OfficeThe COVID-19 pandemic led to a surge of critically ill patients and a sudden increase in the need for oxygen treatment worldwide. Pre-existing gaps in oxygen systems became apparent, and governments, multilateral agencies, and other partners scrambled to increase the production, supply, and use of oxygen to meet this need. The importance of an oxygen ecosystem that is appropriate for the local context became clear. This review describes strategies for oxygen ecosystems in middle-income countries, with specific experiences from Lebanon, following the authors’ extensive assessment of the country’s oxygen ecosystem, on behalf of the government and UNICEF. In the assessment, fifteen governmental hospitals were visited and evaluated using the UNICEF Oxygen System Planning Tool, discussions were held with key stakeholders, and documents were reviewed. An optimal oxygen ecosystem needs to take into consideration the production of oxygen and delivery to facilities, the maintenance system within facilities, and the clinical use of oxygen. Lebanon, a lower-middle income country in the Middle East, is contending with an extensive economic crisis affecting the health system. Eighteen recommendations for strengthening the oxygen ecosystem in Lebanon that are relevant for other middle-income countries include the establishment of a National Oxygen Committee, installation of additional oxygen plants, strengthened systems for maintenance and electricity supply, increased production, procurement and supply chain resilience, improved training and human resources, the use of data collection and regular information to guide the ecosystem, and integration of oxygen into the rest of the health system.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9964636 |
| spellingShingle | Tim Baker Claudio Gatti Guido Rossini Habtamu Tolla Anne Detjen Mulugeta Mideksa Nadeen Hilal Rima Shaya Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from Lebanon Emergency Medicine International |
| title | Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from Lebanon |
| title_full | Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from Lebanon |
| title_fullStr | Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from Lebanon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from Lebanon |
| title_short | Strategies for Oxygen Ecosystems in Middle-Income Countries: A Review and Case Study from Lebanon |
| title_sort | strategies for oxygen ecosystems in middle income countries a review and case study from lebanon |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/9964636 |
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