Association between urinary cadmium levels and increased gallstone disease in US adults

Abstract Heavy metal exposure is acknowledged as a risk factor for poor health. However, the effect of heavy metal exposure on the prevalence of gallstones is still unknown. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between heavy metal concentrations and the prevalence of gallstones among US adult...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhaowei Wu, Shiming Jiang, Jinzhi Li, Panguo Wang, Yong Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-00648-5
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