Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Indoor/Outdoor Users
Cell-free networks are expected to be a forthcoming (r)evolutionary step in the coming generation of mobile networks, the so called 6 G. While mobile infrastructure is often assumed to be deployed outdoor by the operators, reality is that most of the traffic has at least one of the communication end...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10818704/ |
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| author | Felip Riera-Palou Miquel Duran Guillem Femenias |
| author_facet | Felip Riera-Palou Miquel Duran Guillem Femenias |
| author_sort | Felip Riera-Palou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cell-free networks are expected to be a forthcoming (r)evolutionary step in the coming generation of mobile networks, the so called 6 G. While mobile infrastructure is often assumed to be deployed outdoor by the operators, reality is that most of the traffic has at least one of the communication ends located indoors. This paper introduces the problem of providing wireless service to a heterogeneous population made of indoor and outdoor users using an outdoor cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) infrastructure. It is shown how the pervasive max-min criterion (in cell-free setups) that results in near-uniform quality-of-service to all users may lead to catastrophic consequences when some of the users happen to be indoor. This problem is analyzed in both communication directions, uplink and downlink, exposing the similarities and differences of these two scenarios. Direction-specific solutions are then provided that involve improving the channel estimation and connectivity of indoor users and modifying the power allocation so as to somehow compensate for the wall propagation indoor users have to endure. All the techniques introduced satisfy the scalability requirements thus making our proposal realistically implementable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aa02973e7c0743a4b108d38071e8bfcb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2644-1330 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-aa02973e7c0743a4b108d38071e8bfcb2025-01-21T00:02:41ZengIEEEIEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology2644-13302025-01-01633234710.1109/OJVT.2024.352427110818704Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Indoor/Outdoor UsersFelip Riera-Palou0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7080-3173Miquel Duran1https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5542-5047Guillem Femenias2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2002-1733SECOM Group - Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, SpainSECOM Group - Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, SpainSECOM Group - Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of the Balearic Islands, Mallorca, SpainCell-free networks are expected to be a forthcoming (r)evolutionary step in the coming generation of mobile networks, the so called 6 G. While mobile infrastructure is often assumed to be deployed outdoor by the operators, reality is that most of the traffic has at least one of the communication ends located indoors. This paper introduces the problem of providing wireless service to a heterogeneous population made of indoor and outdoor users using an outdoor cell-free massive MIMO (CF-mMIMO) infrastructure. It is shown how the pervasive max-min criterion (in cell-free setups) that results in near-uniform quality-of-service to all users may lead to catastrophic consequences when some of the users happen to be indoor. This problem is analyzed in both communication directions, uplink and downlink, exposing the similarities and differences of these two scenarios. Direction-specific solutions are then provided that involve improving the channel estimation and connectivity of indoor users and modifying the power allocation so as to somehow compensate for the wall propagation indoor users have to endure. All the techniques introduced satisfy the scalability requirements thus making our proposal realistically implementable.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10818704/Cell-free massive MIMOindoorpower allocationscalability |
| spellingShingle | Felip Riera-Palou Miquel Duran Guillem Femenias Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Indoor/Outdoor Users IEEE Open Journal of Vehicular Technology Cell-free massive MIMO indoor power allocation scalability |
| title | Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Indoor/Outdoor Users |
| title_full | Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Indoor/Outdoor Users |
| title_fullStr | Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Indoor/Outdoor Users |
| title_full_unstemmed | Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Indoor/Outdoor Users |
| title_short | Scalable Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Indoor/Outdoor Users |
| title_sort | scalable cell free massive mimo with indoor outdoor users |
| topic | Cell-free massive MIMO indoor power allocation scalability |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10818704/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT feliprierapalou scalablecellfreemassivemimowithindooroutdoorusers AT miquelduran scalablecellfreemassivemimowithindooroutdoorusers AT guillemfemenias scalablecellfreemassivemimowithindooroutdoorusers |