Combination of Membrane-Based Pre-Treatment Techniques and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Obtain High-Quality Effluents from Produced Water

Produced water is the waste aqueous phase from petroleum extraction. As it contains salts, a high organic load, and toxic organic compounds, it should be treated before disposal or reuse. In this research, the combination of membrane processes (microfiltration or membrane distillation) with TiO<s...

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Main Authors: Greta Brocchetto, Iván Sciscenko, Marco Minella, Lorenzo Craveri, Erica Bertozzi, Marco Malaguti, Marco Coha, Alberto Tiraferri, Davide Vione
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2532
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author Greta Brocchetto
Iván Sciscenko
Marco Minella
Lorenzo Craveri
Erica Bertozzi
Marco Malaguti
Marco Coha
Alberto Tiraferri
Davide Vione
author_facet Greta Brocchetto
Iván Sciscenko
Marco Minella
Lorenzo Craveri
Erica Bertozzi
Marco Malaguti
Marco Coha
Alberto Tiraferri
Davide Vione
author_sort Greta Brocchetto
collection DOAJ
description Produced water is the waste aqueous phase from petroleum extraction. As it contains salts, a high organic load, and toxic organic compounds, it should be treated before disposal or reuse. In this research, the combination of membrane processes (microfiltration or membrane distillation) with TiO<sub>2</sub>-based heterogeneous photocatalysis was assessed to treat synthetic produced water. Pre-treatment with both microfiltration and membrane distillation removed the majority (90–98%) of large organic compounds (humic acids) from produced water. Moreover, membrane distillation also eliminated salt (sodium chloride). However, membrane processes only removed 10–50% of phenol, used here as proxy for low-molecular-weight toxic organic compounds. For this reason, membrane permeates, from microfiltration and membrane distillation, underwent a further photocatalytic treatment aimed at phenol degradation. The application of TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysis to membrane distillation permeates was successful (100% phenol removal in 5 min), while the high chloride concentration of microfiltration permeates acted as inhibitor of the photocatalytic process. Overall, good-quality water may be obtained from the combination of membrane distillation and heterogeneous photocatalysis, which performed much better than the two techniques used separately. Indeed, while membrane distillation was not able to remove phenol, produced water was too complex a matrix to be effectively treated with TiO<sub>2</sub>/UV photocatalysis alone.
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spelling doaj-art-a9f79f01daa4406a84eb2ac4df9231092025-08-20T02:21:06ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013012253210.3390/molecules30122532Combination of Membrane-Based Pre-Treatment Techniques and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Obtain High-Quality Effluents from Produced WaterGreta Brocchetto0Iván Sciscenko1Marco Minella2Lorenzo Craveri3Erica Bertozzi4Marco Malaguti5Marco Coha6Alberto Tiraferri7Davide Vione8Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Environment, Land and Infrastructure Engineering (DIATI), Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca Degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Turin, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125 Turin, ItalyProduced water is the waste aqueous phase from petroleum extraction. As it contains salts, a high organic load, and toxic organic compounds, it should be treated before disposal or reuse. In this research, the combination of membrane processes (microfiltration or membrane distillation) with TiO<sub>2</sub>-based heterogeneous photocatalysis was assessed to treat synthetic produced water. Pre-treatment with both microfiltration and membrane distillation removed the majority (90–98%) of large organic compounds (humic acids) from produced water. Moreover, membrane distillation also eliminated salt (sodium chloride). However, membrane processes only removed 10–50% of phenol, used here as proxy for low-molecular-weight toxic organic compounds. For this reason, membrane permeates, from microfiltration and membrane distillation, underwent a further photocatalytic treatment aimed at phenol degradation. The application of TiO<sub>2</sub> photocatalysis to membrane distillation permeates was successful (100% phenol removal in 5 min), while the high chloride concentration of microfiltration permeates acted as inhibitor of the photocatalytic process. Overall, good-quality water may be obtained from the combination of membrane distillation and heterogeneous photocatalysis, which performed much better than the two techniques used separately. Indeed, while membrane distillation was not able to remove phenol, produced water was too complex a matrix to be effectively treated with TiO<sub>2</sub>/UV photocatalysis alone.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2532advanced oxidation processesproduced wateroil and gas extractiontreatment trainswater treatment
spellingShingle Greta Brocchetto
Iván Sciscenko
Marco Minella
Lorenzo Craveri
Erica Bertozzi
Marco Malaguti
Marco Coha
Alberto Tiraferri
Davide Vione
Combination of Membrane-Based Pre-Treatment Techniques and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Obtain High-Quality Effluents from Produced Water
Molecules
advanced oxidation processes
produced water
oil and gas extraction
treatment trains
water treatment
title Combination of Membrane-Based Pre-Treatment Techniques and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Obtain High-Quality Effluents from Produced Water
title_full Combination of Membrane-Based Pre-Treatment Techniques and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Obtain High-Quality Effluents from Produced Water
title_fullStr Combination of Membrane-Based Pre-Treatment Techniques and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Obtain High-Quality Effluents from Produced Water
title_full_unstemmed Combination of Membrane-Based Pre-Treatment Techniques and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Obtain High-Quality Effluents from Produced Water
title_short Combination of Membrane-Based Pre-Treatment Techniques and Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to Obtain High-Quality Effluents from Produced Water
title_sort combination of membrane based pre treatment techniques and heterogeneous photocatalysis to obtain high quality effluents from produced water
topic advanced oxidation processes
produced water
oil and gas extraction
treatment trains
water treatment
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2532
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