Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic review
BackgroundCurrent diet assessment tools, such as food frequency questionnaires, may result in misclassification bias from measurement error and misreporting. These limitations can be mitigated by diet-related biomarkers in urine specimens, an emerging approach to characterize dietary intake.Objectiv...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nutrition |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1596543/full |
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| author | Mariah Kay Jackson Bing Wang Heather Rasmussen Sathish Kumar Natarajan Sathish Kumar Natarajan Laura D. Bilek Diane K. Ehlers Laura Graeff-Armas Christopher D’Angelo Teresa Cochran Kimberly Harp Corrine Hanson |
| author_facet | Mariah Kay Jackson Bing Wang Heather Rasmussen Sathish Kumar Natarajan Sathish Kumar Natarajan Laura D. Bilek Diane K. Ehlers Laura Graeff-Armas Christopher D’Angelo Teresa Cochran Kimberly Harp Corrine Hanson |
| author_sort | Mariah Kay Jackson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundCurrent diet assessment tools, such as food frequency questionnaires, may result in misclassification bias from measurement error and misreporting. These limitations can be mitigated by diet-related biomarkers in urine specimens, an emerging approach to characterize dietary intake.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review to identify urinary biomarkers with utility in accurately assessing dietary intake, including individual foods and food groups.MethodWe retrieved studies from 2000 to 2022 from databases including Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PubMed. Data extraction from included articles was conducted by two independent reviewers for cross validation. Articles identifying urinary biomarkers in relation to food groups/items with adult populations were included and were evaluated for bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal.ResultsA total of 65 articles were included and categorized as biomarkers of fruit (n = 13), vegetables (n = 5), aromatics (n = 5), fruits and vegetables (n = 3), grains/fiber (n = 5), dairy (n = 3), soy (n = 10), coffee/cocoa/tea (n = 9), alcohol (n = 6), meat and proteins (n = 6), nuts/seeds (n = 3), and sugar and sweeteners (n = 4). Results expanded the context to which metabolites of foods were compared across similar and dissimilar food groupings. Plant-based foods were often represented by polyphenols, while others were distinguishable by innate food composition, such as sulfurous compounds in cruciferous vegetables or galactose derivatives in dairy.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests urinary biomarkers may have utility in describing intake of broad food groups, such as citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, whole grains, and soy foods, but may lack the ability to clearly distinguish individual foods. These findings indicate the potential of urinary biomarkers to monitor changes in dietary patterns. The improvement of diet assessment methodology is a key step toward strengthening research data validity and accurately measuring outcomes in chronic disease management.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42022308255, Prospero CRD42022308255. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | OA Journals |
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| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj-art-a99d80b83a8a4b5187b18cb3e47a1fe42025-08-20T02:30:50ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-05-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15965431596543Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic reviewMariah Kay Jackson0Bing Wang1Heather Rasmussen2Sathish Kumar Natarajan3Sathish Kumar Natarajan4Laura D. Bilek5Diane K. Ehlers6Laura Graeff-Armas7Christopher D’Angelo8Teresa Cochran9Kimberly Harp10Corrine Hanson11College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United StatesDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United StatesDepartment of Nutrition & Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United StatesCollege of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United StatesDepartment of Nutrition & Health Sciences, College of Education and Human Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United StatesCollege of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United StatesDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic-Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, United StatesDepartment of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medicine, Omaha, NE, United StatesDepartment of Health & Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Kearney, NE, United StatesEducation and Research Services, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United StatesCollege of Allied Health Professions, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United StatesBackgroundCurrent diet assessment tools, such as food frequency questionnaires, may result in misclassification bias from measurement error and misreporting. These limitations can be mitigated by diet-related biomarkers in urine specimens, an emerging approach to characterize dietary intake.ObjectiveWe conducted a systematic review to identify urinary biomarkers with utility in accurately assessing dietary intake, including individual foods and food groups.MethodWe retrieved studies from 2000 to 2022 from databases including Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, and PubMed. Data extraction from included articles was conducted by two independent reviewers for cross validation. Articles identifying urinary biomarkers in relation to food groups/items with adult populations were included and were evaluated for bias using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal.ResultsA total of 65 articles were included and categorized as biomarkers of fruit (n = 13), vegetables (n = 5), aromatics (n = 5), fruits and vegetables (n = 3), grains/fiber (n = 5), dairy (n = 3), soy (n = 10), coffee/cocoa/tea (n = 9), alcohol (n = 6), meat and proteins (n = 6), nuts/seeds (n = 3), and sugar and sweeteners (n = 4). Results expanded the context to which metabolites of foods were compared across similar and dissimilar food groupings. Plant-based foods were often represented by polyphenols, while others were distinguishable by innate food composition, such as sulfurous compounds in cruciferous vegetables or galactose derivatives in dairy.ConclusionCurrent evidence suggests urinary biomarkers may have utility in describing intake of broad food groups, such as citrus fruits, cruciferous vegetables, whole grains, and soy foods, but may lack the ability to clearly distinguish individual foods. These findings indicate the potential of urinary biomarkers to monitor changes in dietary patterns. The improvement of diet assessment methodology is a key step toward strengthening research data validity and accurately measuring outcomes in chronic disease management.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42022308255, Prospero CRD42022308255.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1596543/fullurinary metabolitesdietary intakefood groupsdietary biomarkerspolyphenols |
| spellingShingle | Mariah Kay Jackson Bing Wang Heather Rasmussen Sathish Kumar Natarajan Sathish Kumar Natarajan Laura D. Bilek Diane K. Ehlers Laura Graeff-Armas Christopher D’Angelo Teresa Cochran Kimberly Harp Corrine Hanson Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic review Frontiers in Nutrition urinary metabolites dietary intake food groups dietary biomarkers polyphenols |
| title | Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic review |
| title_full | Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic review |
| title_short | Urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake: a systematic review |
| title_sort | urinary metabolites as biomarkers of dietary intake a systematic review |
| topic | urinary metabolites dietary intake food groups dietary biomarkers polyphenols |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1596543/full |
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