Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease
Abstract Background Chagas disease remains a persistent vector-borne neglected tropical disease throughout the Americas and threatens both human and animal health. Diverse control methods have been used to target triatomine vector populations, with household insecticides being the most common. As an...
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BMC
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Parasites & Vectors |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05805-1 |
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| author | Cassandra Durden Yuexun Tian Koyle Knape Cory Klemashevich Keri N. Norman John B. Carey Sarah A. Hamer Gabriel L. Hamer |
| author_facet | Cassandra Durden Yuexun Tian Koyle Knape Cory Klemashevich Keri N. Norman John B. Carey Sarah A. Hamer Gabriel L. Hamer |
| author_sort | Cassandra Durden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Chagas disease remains a persistent vector-borne neglected tropical disease throughout the Americas and threatens both human and animal health. Diverse control methods have been used to target triatomine vector populations, with household insecticides being the most common. As an alternative to environmental sprays, host-targeted systemic insecticides (or endectocides) allow for application of chemicals to vertebrate hosts, resulting in toxic blood meals for arthropods (xenointoxication). In this study, we evaluated three systemic insecticide products for their ability to kill triatomines. Methods Chickens were fed the insecticides orally, following which triatomines were allowed to feed on the treated chickens. The insecticide products tested included: Safe-Guard® Aquasol (fenbendazole), Ivomec® Pour-On (ivermectin) and Bravecto® (fluralaner). Triatoma gerstaeckeri nymphs were allowed to feed on insecticide-live birds at 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days post-treatment. The survival and feeding status of the T. gerstaeckeri insects were recorded and analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and logistic regression. Results Feeding on fluralaner-treated chickens resulted 50–100% mortality in T. gerstaeckeri over the first 14 days post-treatment but not later; in contrast, all insects that fed on fenbendazole- and ivermectin-treated chickens survived. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ) analysis, used to detect the concentration of fluralaner and fenbendazole in chicken plasma, revealed the presence of fluralaner in plasma at 3, 7, and 14 days post-treatment but not later, with the highest concentrations found at 3 and 7 days post-treatment. However, fenbendazole concentration was below the limit of detection at all time points. Conclusions Xenointoxication using fluralaner in poultry is a potential new tool for integrated vector control to reduce risk of Chagas disease. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a98926c587a64c85a6a51ca2a8e19d09 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1756-3305 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasites & Vectors |
| spelling | doaj-art-a98926c587a64c85a6a51ca2a8e19d092025-01-26T12:17:37ZengBMCParasites & Vectors1756-33052023-06-0116111010.1186/s13071-023-05805-1Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas diseaseCassandra Durden0Yuexun Tian1Koyle Knape2Cory Klemashevich3Keri N. Norman4John B. Carey5Sarah A. Hamer6Gabriel L. Hamer7Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Poultry Science, Texas A&M UniversityIntegrated Metabolomics Analysis Core, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Poultry Science, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Entomology, Texas A&M UniversityAbstract Background Chagas disease remains a persistent vector-borne neglected tropical disease throughout the Americas and threatens both human and animal health. Diverse control methods have been used to target triatomine vector populations, with household insecticides being the most common. As an alternative to environmental sprays, host-targeted systemic insecticides (or endectocides) allow for application of chemicals to vertebrate hosts, resulting in toxic blood meals for arthropods (xenointoxication). In this study, we evaluated three systemic insecticide products for their ability to kill triatomines. Methods Chickens were fed the insecticides orally, following which triatomines were allowed to feed on the treated chickens. The insecticide products tested included: Safe-Guard® Aquasol (fenbendazole), Ivomec® Pour-On (ivermectin) and Bravecto® (fluralaner). Triatoma gerstaeckeri nymphs were allowed to feed on insecticide-live birds at 0, 3, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days post-treatment. The survival and feeding status of the T. gerstaeckeri insects were recorded and analyzed using Kaplan–Meier curves and logistic regression. Results Feeding on fluralaner-treated chickens resulted 50–100% mortality in T. gerstaeckeri over the first 14 days post-treatment but not later; in contrast, all insects that fed on fenbendazole- and ivermectin-treated chickens survived. Liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ) analysis, used to detect the concentration of fluralaner and fenbendazole in chicken plasma, revealed the presence of fluralaner in plasma at 3, 7, and 14 days post-treatment but not later, with the highest concentrations found at 3 and 7 days post-treatment. However, fenbendazole concentration was below the limit of detection at all time points. Conclusions Xenointoxication using fluralaner in poultry is a potential new tool for integrated vector control to reduce risk of Chagas disease. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05805-1XenointoxicationEndectocideIntegrated vector controlTriatominePoultry |
| spellingShingle | Cassandra Durden Yuexun Tian Koyle Knape Cory Klemashevich Keri N. Norman John B. Carey Sarah A. Hamer Gabriel L. Hamer Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease Parasites & Vectors Xenointoxication Endectocide Integrated vector control Triatomine Poultry |
| title | Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease |
| title_full | Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease |
| title_fullStr | Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease |
| title_short | Fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in Triatoma gerstaeckeri, vector of the agent of Chagas disease |
| title_sort | fluralaner systemic treatment of chickens results in mortality in triatoma gerstaeckeri vector of the agent of chagas disease |
| topic | Xenointoxication Endectocide Integrated vector control Triatomine Poultry |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05805-1 |
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