An Adaptive Framework for Selecting Environmental Monitoring Protocols to Support Ocean Renewable Energy Development
Offshore renewable energy developments (OREDs) are projected to become common in the United States over the next two decades. There are both a need and an opportunity to guide efforts to identify and track impacts to the marine ecosystem resulting from these installations. A monitoring framework and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | The Scientific World Journal |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/450685 |
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| author | Emily J. Shumchenia Sarah L. Smith Jennifer McCann Michelle Carnevale Grover Fugate Robert D. Kenney John W. King Peter Paton Malia Schwartz Malcolm Spaulding Kristopher J. Winiarski |
| author_facet | Emily J. Shumchenia Sarah L. Smith Jennifer McCann Michelle Carnevale Grover Fugate Robert D. Kenney John W. King Peter Paton Malia Schwartz Malcolm Spaulding Kristopher J. Winiarski |
| author_sort | Emily J. Shumchenia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Offshore renewable energy developments (OREDs) are projected to become common in the United States over the next two decades. There are both a need and an opportunity to guide efforts to identify and track impacts to the marine ecosystem resulting from these installations. A monitoring framework and standardized protocols that can be applied to multiple types of ORED would streamline scientific study, management, and permitting at these sites. We propose an adaptive and reactive framework based on indicators of the likely changes to the marine ecosystem due to ORED. We developed decision trees to identify suites of impacts at two scales (demonstration and commercial) depending on energy (wind, tidal, and wave), structure (e.g., turbine), and foundation type (e.g., monopile). Impacts were categorized by ecosystem component (benthic habitat and resources, fish and fisheries, avian species, marine mammals, and sea turtles) and monitoring objectives were developed for each. We present a case study at a commercial-scale wind farm and develop a monitoring plan for this development that addresses both local and national environmental concerns. In addition, framework has provided a starting point for identifying global research needs and objectives for understanding of the potential effects of ORED on the marine environment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a8f24f714532449fbabce2bf929e93e9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1537-744X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Scientific World Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-a8f24f714532449fbabce2bf929e93e92025-02-03T06:06:57ZengWileyThe Scientific World Journal1537-744X2012-01-01201210.1100/2012/450685450685An Adaptive Framework for Selecting Environmental Monitoring Protocols to Support Ocean Renewable Energy DevelopmentEmily J. Shumchenia0Sarah L. Smith1Jennifer McCann2Michelle Carnevale3Grover Fugate4Robert D. Kenney5John W. King6Peter Paton7Malia Schwartz8Malcolm Spaulding9Kristopher J. Winiarski10Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USACoastal Resources Center and Rhode Island Sea Grant, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USACoastal Resources Center and Rhode Island Sea Grant, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USACoastal Resources Center and Rhode Island Sea Grant, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USARhode Island Coastal Resources Management Council, South Kingstown, RI 02879, USAGraduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USAGraduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USACollege of the Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USAGraduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, South Ferry Road, Narragansett, RI 02882, USACollege of Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USACollege of the Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USAOffshore renewable energy developments (OREDs) are projected to become common in the United States over the next two decades. There are both a need and an opportunity to guide efforts to identify and track impacts to the marine ecosystem resulting from these installations. A monitoring framework and standardized protocols that can be applied to multiple types of ORED would streamline scientific study, management, and permitting at these sites. We propose an adaptive and reactive framework based on indicators of the likely changes to the marine ecosystem due to ORED. We developed decision trees to identify suites of impacts at two scales (demonstration and commercial) depending on energy (wind, tidal, and wave), structure (e.g., turbine), and foundation type (e.g., monopile). Impacts were categorized by ecosystem component (benthic habitat and resources, fish and fisheries, avian species, marine mammals, and sea turtles) and monitoring objectives were developed for each. We present a case study at a commercial-scale wind farm and develop a monitoring plan for this development that addresses both local and national environmental concerns. In addition, framework has provided a starting point for identifying global research needs and objectives for understanding of the potential effects of ORED on the marine environment.http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/450685 |
| spellingShingle | Emily J. Shumchenia Sarah L. Smith Jennifer McCann Michelle Carnevale Grover Fugate Robert D. Kenney John W. King Peter Paton Malia Schwartz Malcolm Spaulding Kristopher J. Winiarski An Adaptive Framework for Selecting Environmental Monitoring Protocols to Support Ocean Renewable Energy Development The Scientific World Journal |
| title | An Adaptive Framework for Selecting Environmental Monitoring Protocols to Support Ocean Renewable Energy Development |
| title_full | An Adaptive Framework for Selecting Environmental Monitoring Protocols to Support Ocean Renewable Energy Development |
| title_fullStr | An Adaptive Framework for Selecting Environmental Monitoring Protocols to Support Ocean Renewable Energy Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Adaptive Framework for Selecting Environmental Monitoring Protocols to Support Ocean Renewable Energy Development |
| title_short | An Adaptive Framework for Selecting Environmental Monitoring Protocols to Support Ocean Renewable Energy Development |
| title_sort | adaptive framework for selecting environmental monitoring protocols to support ocean renewable energy development |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/450685 |
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