The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The effects of ageing on the diaphragm are unclear. This study examined the association between ageing and diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction (TF), and diaphragm excursion (DE) as assessed by ultrasonography after adjusting for other factors. The relat...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Toru Yamada Taro Minami Takahiro Shinohara Shuji Ouchi Suguru Mabuchi Shunpei Yoshino Ken Emoto Kazuharu Nakagawa Kanako Yoshimi Mitsuko Saito Ayane Horike Kenji Toyoshima Yoshiaki Tamura Atsushi Araki Ryoichi Hanazawa Akihiro Hirakawa Takeshi Ishida Takuma Kimura Haruka Tohara Masayoshi Hashimoto |
| author_facet | Toru Yamada Taro Minami Takahiro Shinohara Shuji Ouchi Suguru Mabuchi Shunpei Yoshino Ken Emoto Kazuharu Nakagawa Kanako Yoshimi Mitsuko Saito Ayane Horike Kenji Toyoshima Yoshiaki Tamura Atsushi Araki Ryoichi Hanazawa Akihiro Hirakawa Takeshi Ishida Takuma Kimura Haruka Tohara Masayoshi Hashimoto |
| author_sort | Toru Yamada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: The effects of ageing on the diaphragm are unclear. This study examined the association between ageing and diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction (TF), and diaphragm excursion (DE) as assessed by ultrasonography after adjusting for other factors. The relationship between these parameters and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was also investigated. <b>Methods</b>: From 2022 to 2024, ambulatory and communicative adult volunteers and outpatients were recruited from four Japanese medical institutions. Each participant’s background factors (including height, weight, and underlying diseases) and pulmonary function test results were assessed. Diaphragm thickness, TF, and DE were evaluated using ultrasonography. <b>Results</b>: The study involved 230 individuals with a mean age of 55.5 years (older adults (65 years and over), <i>n</i> = 117; non-older adults, <i>n</i> = 113). In older adults, the diaphragm was thicker (2.1 vs. 1.7 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and TF was lower (88.7% vs. 116.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no significant difference in DE. Multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for sex, height, body mass index, and underlying diseases showed positive associations between age and diaphragm thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.001), but not with TF or DE. MIP was positively associated with DE (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but not with thickness or TF. Age was negatively associated with MIP, regardless of diaphragm thickness, TF, and DE (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: As the diaphragm thickens with age, neither thickness nor TF is associated with MIP; only DE is related to MIP. Additionally, ageing is negatively associated with MIP, independent of diaphragm thickness, TF, and DE. Diaphragm function should be assessed using DE rather than thickness or TF. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a8a39edb14cf4ce794122ce86202e625 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj-art-a8a39edb14cf4ce794122ce86202e6252025-01-24T13:28:57ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-01-0115216310.3390/diagnostics15020163The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound StudyToru Yamada0Taro Minami1Takahiro Shinohara2Shuji Ouchi3Suguru Mabuchi4Shunpei Yoshino5Ken Emoto6Kazuharu Nakagawa7Kanako Yoshimi8Mitsuko Saito9Ayane Horike10Kenji Toyoshima11Yoshiaki Tamura12Atsushi Araki13Ryoichi Hanazawa14Akihiro Hirakawa15Takeshi Ishida16Takuma Kimura17Haruka Tohara18Masayoshi Hashimoto19Department of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanMedicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI 02903, USADepartment of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Intensive Care Medicine, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, JapanGeneral Internal Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-1114, JapanDysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, JapanDepartment of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Clinical Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of Community Medicine (Ibaraki), Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of R&D Innovation for Home Care Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDysphagia Rehabilitation, Department of Gerontology and Gerodontology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8510, JapanDepartment of General Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Science Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The effects of ageing on the diaphragm are unclear. This study examined the association between ageing and diaphragm thickness, thickening fraction (TF), and diaphragm excursion (DE) as assessed by ultrasonography after adjusting for other factors. The relationship between these parameters and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) was also investigated. <b>Methods</b>: From 2022 to 2024, ambulatory and communicative adult volunteers and outpatients were recruited from four Japanese medical institutions. Each participant’s background factors (including height, weight, and underlying diseases) and pulmonary function test results were assessed. Diaphragm thickness, TF, and DE were evaluated using ultrasonography. <b>Results</b>: The study involved 230 individuals with a mean age of 55.5 years (older adults (65 years and over), <i>n</i> = 117; non-older adults, <i>n</i> = 113). In older adults, the diaphragm was thicker (2.1 vs. 1.7 mm, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and TF was lower (88.7% vs. 116.0%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), with no significant difference in DE. Multivariate linear regression analysis adjusted for sex, height, body mass index, and underlying diseases showed positive associations between age and diaphragm thickness (<i>p</i> = 0.001), but not with TF or DE. MIP was positively associated with DE (<i>p</i> < 0.001) but not with thickness or TF. Age was negatively associated with MIP, regardless of diaphragm thickness, TF, and DE (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions</b>: As the diaphragm thickens with age, neither thickness nor TF is associated with MIP; only DE is related to MIP. Additionally, ageing is negatively associated with MIP, independent of diaphragm thickness, TF, and DE. Diaphragm function should be assessed using DE rather than thickness or TF.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/163point of care ultrasounddiaphragmrespiratory muscleageing |
| spellingShingle | Toru Yamada Taro Minami Takahiro Shinohara Shuji Ouchi Suguru Mabuchi Shunpei Yoshino Ken Emoto Kazuharu Nakagawa Kanako Yoshimi Mitsuko Saito Ayane Horike Kenji Toyoshima Yoshiaki Tamura Atsushi Araki Ryoichi Hanazawa Akihiro Hirakawa Takeshi Ishida Takuma Kimura Haruka Tohara Masayoshi Hashimoto The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study Diagnostics point of care ultrasound diaphragm respiratory muscle ageing |
| title | The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study |
| title_full | The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study |
| title_short | The Impact of Ageing on Diaphragm Function and Maximal Inspiratory Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Ultrasound Study |
| title_sort | impact of ageing on diaphragm function and maximal inspiratory pressure a cross sectional ultrasound study |
| topic | point of care ultrasound diaphragm respiratory muscle ageing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/2/163 |
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