Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil
The urbanization process has led to significant changes in the landscape, shifting the epidemiological profile of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. Dogs are considered the main urban reservoir of VL, whose infections precede cases in humans. In order to understand the socio-environmental de...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Natan Diego Alves de Freitas Lucas José Macedo Freire Suely Ruth Silva Nilton Guedes do Nascimento Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela |
| author_facet | Natan Diego Alves de Freitas Lucas José Macedo Freire Suely Ruth Silva Nilton Guedes do Nascimento Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela |
| author_sort | Natan Diego Alves de Freitas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The urbanization process has led to significant changes in the landscape, shifting the epidemiological profile of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. Dogs are considered the main urban reservoir of VL, whose infections precede cases in humans. In order to understand the socio-environmental determinants associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), we conducted a spatial analysis of CVL cases in northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2015, georeferencing 3288 domiciled dogs. We used linear mixed models to understand the ecoepidemiological determinants of CVL spatial relative risk (CVL SRR). Our findings indicate heterogeneity in CVL distribution, with 1 km diameter clusters potentially connected within an estimated 4.9 km diameter by the Ripley-K statistic. In our best-fit model, the CVL SRR was positively correlated with the proportion of households with literate heads, with trees, and with open sewage, but negatively correlated with vegetation phenology and mean income of the census sector. Here, we discuss the potential maintenance source of urban CVL clusters on a One Health framework. These findings highlight the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors in shaping the spatial distribution of CVL. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a860f0d0068d4797aa4cdcecb609e128 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2414-6366 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-a860f0d0068d4797aa4cdcecb609e1282025-01-24T13:51:21ZengMDPI AGTropical Medicine and Infectious Disease2414-63662024-12-01101610.3390/tropicalmed10010006Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern BrazilNatan Diego Alves de Freitas0Lucas José Macedo Freire1Suely Ruth Silva2Nilton Guedes do Nascimento3Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela4Laboratório de Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, BrazilLaboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância em Diptera e Hemiptera, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-360, RJ, BrazilGerência de Vigilância e Controle de Zoonoses, João Pessoa 58052-200, PB, BrazilGerência de Vigilância e Controle de Zoonoses, João Pessoa 58052-200, PB, BrazilLaboratório de Mamíferos, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, BrazilThe urbanization process has led to significant changes in the landscape, shifting the epidemiological profile of the visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Brazil. Dogs are considered the main urban reservoir of VL, whose infections precede cases in humans. In order to understand the socio-environmental determinants associated with canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), we conducted a spatial analysis of CVL cases in northeastern Brazil from 2013 to 2015, georeferencing 3288 domiciled dogs. We used linear mixed models to understand the ecoepidemiological determinants of CVL spatial relative risk (CVL SRR). Our findings indicate heterogeneity in CVL distribution, with 1 km diameter clusters potentially connected within an estimated 4.9 km diameter by the Ripley-K statistic. In our best-fit model, the CVL SRR was positively correlated with the proportion of households with literate heads, with trees, and with open sewage, but negatively correlated with vegetation phenology and mean income of the census sector. Here, we discuss the potential maintenance source of urban CVL clusters on a One Health framework. These findings highlight the complex interplay of socioeconomic and environmental factors in shaping the spatial distribution of CVL.https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/1/6kalazarone healthecoepidemiologyremote sensingurban zoonosisdomestic dogs |
| spellingShingle | Natan Diego Alves de Freitas Lucas José Macedo Freire Suely Ruth Silva Nilton Guedes do Nascimento Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease kalazar one health ecoepidemiology remote sensing urban zoonosis domestic dogs |
| title | Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil |
| title_full | Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil |
| title_short | Spatial Analysis and Socio-Environmental Determinants of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in an Urban Area in Northeastern Brazil |
| title_sort | spatial analysis and socio environmental determinants of canine visceral leishmaniasis in an urban area in northeastern brazil |
| topic | kalazar one health ecoepidemiology remote sensing urban zoonosis domestic dogs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2414-6366/10/1/6 |
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