Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in Morocco
Background. Human leishmaniasis, both visceral and cutaneous, has been reported in Morocco for centuries and constitutes a serious public health problem. However, the evolution of this pathology depends on several factors such as ecological, socioeconomic, and climatic conditions. The risk study of...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6948650 |
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| author | Maryam Hakkour Asmae Hmamouch Mohamed Mahmoud El Alem Abdelhakim Bouyahya Abdelaali Balahbib Abdelhak EL Khazraji Hajiba Fellah Abderrahim Sadak Faiza Sebti |
| author_facet | Maryam Hakkour Asmae Hmamouch Mohamed Mahmoud El Alem Abdelhakim Bouyahya Abdelaali Balahbib Abdelhak EL Khazraji Hajiba Fellah Abderrahim Sadak Faiza Sebti |
| author_sort | Maryam Hakkour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Human leishmaniasis, both visceral and cutaneous, has been reported in Morocco for centuries and constitutes a serious public health problem. However, the evolution of this pathology depends on several factors such as ecological, socioeconomic, and climatic conditions. The risk study of the affected foci is of great value for the control and surveillance of this endemic disease, especially in the provinces where Leishmania infantum predominates. Methods. This study concerned nine provinces located in the extreme and central north of Morocco (Taounate, Taza, Chefchaouen, Al Hoceima, Larache, Tétouane, Tanger-Assilah, M’diq-Fnideq, and Fahs-Anjra Provinces). In this work, leishmaniasis cases (VL and CL) were subjected to an epidemiological study which was performed using a linear regression model to identify the impact as well as the interaction between all predictor variables on the distribution of leishmaniasis in this region. Results. During the period 1997–2018, a total of 6 128 cases of VL and CL were recorded in the study area. Our results showed that among demographic factors studied, urbanization showed significance for both cutaneous and visceral forms (P<0.05). Regarding the environmental factors, the humidity and the altitude were significant for both CL and VL (P<0.05), while the temperature and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed a significance only for VL. Moreover, trends in season of occurrence revealed that wet season (October to April) had a higher incidence of leishmaniasis compared to the dry season (May to September) specifically for CL. As for socioeconomic factors, poverty was the only factor that influences the spread of VL. Finally, the distance from endemic foci showed significance for both VL and LC (P<0.05). Conclusion. Our study revealed that the risk factor associated with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in northern Morocco could help in the establishment of a prediction program. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a816f7115d4947a8aa8f0d2aceb71f85 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-708X 1687-7098 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj-art-a816f7115d4947a8aa8f0d2aceb71f852025-02-03T05:51:47ZengWileyInterdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases1687-708X1687-70982020-01-01202010.1155/2020/69486506948650Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in MoroccoMaryam Hakkour0Asmae Hmamouch1Mohamed Mahmoud El Alem2Abdelhakim Bouyahya3Abdelaali Balahbib4Abdelhak EL Khazraji5Hajiba Fellah6Abderrahim Sadak7Faiza Sebti8Laboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoNational Reference Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, MoroccoLaboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoLaboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University Mohammed V, Rabat, MoroccoLaboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoMedical Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohammed V, Rabat, MoroccoLaboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoLaboratory of Zoology and General Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, MoroccoNational Reference Laboratory of Leishmaniasis, National Institute of Hygiene, Rabat, MoroccoBackground. Human leishmaniasis, both visceral and cutaneous, has been reported in Morocco for centuries and constitutes a serious public health problem. However, the evolution of this pathology depends on several factors such as ecological, socioeconomic, and climatic conditions. The risk study of the affected foci is of great value for the control and surveillance of this endemic disease, especially in the provinces where Leishmania infantum predominates. Methods. This study concerned nine provinces located in the extreme and central north of Morocco (Taounate, Taza, Chefchaouen, Al Hoceima, Larache, Tétouane, Tanger-Assilah, M’diq-Fnideq, and Fahs-Anjra Provinces). In this work, leishmaniasis cases (VL and CL) were subjected to an epidemiological study which was performed using a linear regression model to identify the impact as well as the interaction between all predictor variables on the distribution of leishmaniasis in this region. Results. During the period 1997–2018, a total of 6 128 cases of VL and CL were recorded in the study area. Our results showed that among demographic factors studied, urbanization showed significance for both cutaneous and visceral forms (P<0.05). Regarding the environmental factors, the humidity and the altitude were significant for both CL and VL (P<0.05), while the temperature and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed a significance only for VL. Moreover, trends in season of occurrence revealed that wet season (October to April) had a higher incidence of leishmaniasis compared to the dry season (May to September) specifically for CL. As for socioeconomic factors, poverty was the only factor that influences the spread of VL. Finally, the distance from endemic foci showed significance for both VL and LC (P<0.05). Conclusion. Our study revealed that the risk factor associated with cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis in northern Morocco could help in the establishment of a prediction program.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6948650 |
| spellingShingle | Maryam Hakkour Asmae Hmamouch Mohamed Mahmoud El Alem Abdelhakim Bouyahya Abdelaali Balahbib Abdelhak EL Khazraji Hajiba Fellah Abderrahim Sadak Faiza Sebti Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in Morocco Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases |
| title | Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in Morocco |
| title_full | Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in Morocco |
| title_fullStr | Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in Morocco |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in Morocco |
| title_short | Risk Factors Associated with Leishmaniasis in the Most Affected Provinces by Leishmania infantum in Morocco |
| title_sort | risk factors associated with leishmaniasis in the most affected provinces by leishmania infantum in morocco |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6948650 |
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