IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
The management of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is constrained by lack of simple-to-use diagnostic, staging, and treatment tools. The search for novel biomarkers is, therefore, essential in the fight against HAT. The current study aimed at investigating the potential of IL-6 as an adjunct para...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320509 |
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| author | Dawn Nyawira Maranga John Maina Kagira Christopher Kariuki Kinyanjui Simon Muturi Karanja Naomi Wangari Maina Maina Ngotho |
| author_facet | Dawn Nyawira Maranga John Maina Kagira Christopher Kariuki Kinyanjui Simon Muturi Karanja Naomi Wangari Maina Maina Ngotho |
| author_sort | Dawn Nyawira Maranga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The management of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is constrained by lack of simple-to-use diagnostic, staging, and treatment tools. The search for novel biomarkers is, therefore, essential in the fight against HAT. The current study aimed at investigating the potential of IL-6 as an adjunct parameter for HAT stage determination in vervet monkey model. Four adult vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and treated subcuratively at 28 days after infection (dpi) to induce late stage disease. Three noninfected monkeys formed the control group. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were obtained at weekly intervals and assessed for various biological parameters. A typical HAT-like infection was observed. The late stage was characterized by significant (P<0.05) elevation of CSF IL-6, white blood cell count, and total protein starting 35 dpi with peak levels of these parameters coinciding with relapse parasitaemia. Brain immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in brain glial fibrillary acidic protein expression indicative of reactive astrogliosis in infected animals which were euthanized in late-stage disease. The elevation of IL-6 in CSF which accompanied other HAT biomarkers indicates onset of parasite neuroinvasion and show potential for use as an adjunct late-stage disease biomarker in the Rhodesian sleeping sickness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a7e2ea5c3e2a49e1b80448695b4fdcea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1740-2522 1740-2530 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a7e2ea5c3e2a49e1b80448695b4fdcea2025-02-03T05:43:42ZengWileyClinical and Developmental Immunology1740-25221740-25302013-01-01201310.1155/2013/320509320509IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesienseDawn Nyawira Maranga0John Maina Kagira1Christopher Kariuki Kinyanjui2Simon Muturi Karanja3Naomi Wangari Maina4Maina Ngotho5Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, KenyaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Animal Health and Production Department, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, KenyaInstitute of Primate Research, Animal Science Department, P.O. Box 24481-00502, Nairobi, KenyaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, KenyaJomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, College of Health Sciences, Biochemistry Department, P.O. Box 62000-00200, Nairobi, KenyaInstitute of Primate Research, Animal Science Department, P.O. Box 24481-00502, Nairobi, KenyaThe management of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) is constrained by lack of simple-to-use diagnostic, staging, and treatment tools. The search for novel biomarkers is, therefore, essential in the fight against HAT. The current study aimed at investigating the potential of IL-6 as an adjunct parameter for HAT stage determination in vervet monkey model. Four adult vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) were experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and treated subcuratively at 28 days after infection (dpi) to induce late stage disease. Three noninfected monkeys formed the control group. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples were obtained at weekly intervals and assessed for various biological parameters. A typical HAT-like infection was observed. The late stage was characterized by significant (P<0.05) elevation of CSF IL-6, white blood cell count, and total protein starting 35 dpi with peak levels of these parameters coinciding with relapse parasitaemia. Brain immunohistochemical staining revealed an increase in brain glial fibrillary acidic protein expression indicative of reactive astrogliosis in infected animals which were euthanized in late-stage disease. The elevation of IL-6 in CSF which accompanied other HAT biomarkers indicates onset of parasite neuroinvasion and show potential for use as an adjunct late-stage disease biomarker in the Rhodesian sleeping sickness.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320509 |
| spellingShingle | Dawn Nyawira Maranga John Maina Kagira Christopher Kariuki Kinyanjui Simon Muturi Karanja Naomi Wangari Maina Maina Ngotho IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense Clinical and Developmental Immunology |
| title | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
| title_full | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
| title_fullStr | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
| title_full_unstemmed | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
| title_short | IL-6 is Upregulated in Late-Stage Disease in Monkeys Experimentally Infected with Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
| title_sort | il 6 is upregulated in late stage disease in monkeys experimentally infected with trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/320509 |
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