Performance Enhancement of an SSVEP-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Augmented Reality Through Adaptive Color Adjustment of Visual Stimuli for Optimal Background Contrast
The aim of this study is to develop a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system with enhanced performance in an augmented reality (AR) environment by dynamically adjusting colors of visual stimuli to contrast with the background seen through the transpa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2025-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10845833/ |
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| author | Cheong-Un Kim Seonghun Park Chang-Hwan Im |
| author_facet | Cheong-Un Kim Seonghun Park Chang-Hwan Im |
| author_sort | Cheong-Un Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study is to develop a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system with enhanced performance in an augmented reality (AR) environment by dynamically adjusting colors of visual stimuli to contrast with the background seen through the transparent display. Our proposed method extracts the average color value from the area surrounding the visual stimulus location. It then calculates the contrast value using the HSV color model and applies this to the stimulus color. In an offline experiment, we determined the optimal visual stimulus presentation strategy by comparing the performances of three different methods for determining the colors of visual stimuli in an AR environment. We then evaluated the feasibility of the proposed strategy through online experiments conducted in both indoor and outdoor conditions. The classification performance of the SSVEP-BCI system in an AR environment based on our proposed stimulus presentation strategy was 95.0% for a window size of 3.5 s in offline experiments performed with 17 participants. This was significantly higher than the performance of the conventional black-and-white color strategy. Additionally, it was confirmed by the online experiments that there was no large performance degradation between indoor and outdoor uses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a79ded112f6c4bf7a534e7288758b515 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1534-4320 1558-0210 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-a79ded112f6c4bf7a534e7288758b5152025-01-28T00:00:10ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering1534-43201558-02102025-01-013351452110.1109/TNSRE.2025.353042110845833Performance Enhancement of an SSVEP-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Augmented Reality Through Adaptive Color Adjustment of Visual Stimuli for Optimal Background ContrastCheong-Un Kim0https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5910-1564Seonghun Park1Chang-Hwan Im2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3795-3318Department of Electronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Electronic Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaThe aim of this study is to develop a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system with enhanced performance in an augmented reality (AR) environment by dynamically adjusting colors of visual stimuli to contrast with the background seen through the transparent display. Our proposed method extracts the average color value from the area surrounding the visual stimulus location. It then calculates the contrast value using the HSV color model and applies this to the stimulus color. In an offline experiment, we determined the optimal visual stimulus presentation strategy by comparing the performances of three different methods for determining the colors of visual stimuli in an AR environment. We then evaluated the feasibility of the proposed strategy through online experiments conducted in both indoor and outdoor conditions. The classification performance of the SSVEP-BCI system in an AR environment based on our proposed stimulus presentation strategy was 95.0% for a window size of 3.5 s in offline experiments performed with 17 participants. This was significantly higher than the performance of the conventional black-and-white color strategy. Additionally, it was confirmed by the online experiments that there was no large performance degradation between indoor and outdoor uses.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10845833/Brain-computer interface (BCI)augmented reality (AR)electroencephalography (EEG)steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) |
| spellingShingle | Cheong-Un Kim Seonghun Park Chang-Hwan Im Performance Enhancement of an SSVEP-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Augmented Reality Through Adaptive Color Adjustment of Visual Stimuli for Optimal Background Contrast IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering Brain-computer interface (BCI) augmented reality (AR) electroencephalography (EEG) steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) |
| title | Performance Enhancement of an SSVEP-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Augmented Reality Through Adaptive Color Adjustment of Visual Stimuli for Optimal Background Contrast |
| title_full | Performance Enhancement of an SSVEP-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Augmented Reality Through Adaptive Color Adjustment of Visual Stimuli for Optimal Background Contrast |
| title_fullStr | Performance Enhancement of an SSVEP-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Augmented Reality Through Adaptive Color Adjustment of Visual Stimuli for Optimal Background Contrast |
| title_full_unstemmed | Performance Enhancement of an SSVEP-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Augmented Reality Through Adaptive Color Adjustment of Visual Stimuli for Optimal Background Contrast |
| title_short | Performance Enhancement of an SSVEP-Based Brain–Computer Interface in Augmented Reality Through Adaptive Color Adjustment of Visual Stimuli for Optimal Background Contrast |
| title_sort | performance enhancement of an ssvep based brain x2013 computer interface in augmented reality through adaptive color adjustment of visual stimuli for optimal background contrast |
| topic | Brain-computer interface (BCI) augmented reality (AR) electroencephalography (EEG) steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10845833/ |
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