Canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of Santa Cruz. A temporal-spatial perspective

Canine rabies and dog attacks represent a significant challenge to public health, particularly in endemic regions such as Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. This study analyzed factors associated with dog bites and canine rabies cases in the city between 2019 and 2022, using georeferencing tools to i...

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Main Authors: Gladys Carolina Herbas-Perez, Alvaro Guibarra Urquieta, Nestor Gomez Salvatierra, Saul Jhonny Ruiz Justiniano, Ariel Jhonny Loza-Vega
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Selva Andina Research Society 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2311-25812025000100006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en
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author Gladys Carolina Herbas-Perez
Alvaro Guibarra Urquieta
Nestor Gomez Salvatierra
Saul Jhonny Ruiz Justiniano
Ariel Jhonny Loza-Vega
author_facet Gladys Carolina Herbas-Perez
Alvaro Guibarra Urquieta
Nestor Gomez Salvatierra
Saul Jhonny Ruiz Justiniano
Ariel Jhonny Loza-Vega
author_sort Gladys Carolina Herbas-Perez
collection DOAJ
description Canine rabies and dog attacks represent a significant challenge to public health, particularly in endemic regions such as Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. This study analyzed factors associated with dog bites and canine rabies cases in the city between 2019 and 2022, using georeferencing tools to identify key epidemiological patterns and provide relevant information for control strategies. In 2022, a total of 2900 animal attack cases were recorded, 81.6 % of which were caused by dogs. The victims were predominantly men (54 %) and adults aged 20 to 64 years (47 %). Most attacks occurred on the lower limbs (44.6 %) and were caused by known dogs (77.2 %). Additionally, the circumstances of the attacks varied, with accidental incidents being the most common. However, attacks without apparent cause were more likely when the aggressor was an unknown dog (OR 1.88, p < .001). Spatial analysis, conducted using the Kernel density method, identified clusters of attacks around the health centers included in the study, while canine rabies cases were concentrated in peri-urban areas of the city, particularly in the eastern regions. Of the 855 suspected canine rabies cases analyzed during the study period, 1.5 % (n=13) tested positive, primarily in unvaccinated male mixed-breed dogs. The proportion of positive cases decreased progressively since 2019, reflecting progress in vaccination campaigns and canine population control. This study highlights the need for comprehensive public health strategies, including mass vaccination programs, educational campaigns, and the promotion of responsible pet ownership. It also underscores the importance of improving epidemiological surveillance and access to medical services to reduce rabies transmission and respond more effectively to dog bites. The findings provide essential evidence for designing targeted interventions for vulnerable communities in endemic areas.
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spelling doaj-art-a78bc66f0bef4e5dbf09df2c77f0aa222025-08-20T03:40:42ZengSelva Andina Research SocietyJournal of the Selva Andina Animal Science2311-37662311-25812025-04-01121619doi:10.36610/j.jsaas.2025.120100006Canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of Santa Cruz. A temporal-spatial perspectiveGladys Carolina Herbas-Perez0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3811-3727Alvaro Guibarra Urquieta1https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9001-4877Nestor Gomez Salvatierra2https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8862-8004Saul Jhonny Ruiz Justiniano3https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4929-2947Ariel Jhonny Loza-Vega4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0192-5243Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Infectious Diseases of Domestic Animals. Ciudad Universitaria, Av. 26 de febrero. Phone: +591-33542014, fax: +591- 3537676. Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia.Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Laboratory of veterinary research and diagnosis PROVETSUR. Ciudad Universitaria, Av. 26 de febrero. Phone: +591-33542014, fax: +591- 3537676. Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia.Ministry of Rural Development and Land. National Laboratories Unit, UNALAB. Av. Ejército Nacional N°153. Phone: +591-3322630. Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Plurinational State of Bolivia.Ministry of Health and Sports. Departmental Health Service. Departmental Zoonosis Rabies Programme. Barrio Román Vaca c/1. Phone: +591-77346024. Santa Cruz de la Sierra. Plurinational State of Bolivia.Gabriel René Moreno Autonomous University. Faculty of Veterinary Sciences. Veterinary Biostatistics. Ciudad Universitaria, Av. 26 de febrero. Phone: +591-33542014, fax: +591- 3537676. Santa Cruz, Plurinational State of Bolivia.Canine rabies and dog attacks represent a significant challenge to public health, particularly in endemic regions such as Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia. This study analyzed factors associated with dog bites and canine rabies cases in the city between 2019 and 2022, using georeferencing tools to identify key epidemiological patterns and provide relevant information for control strategies. In 2022, a total of 2900 animal attack cases were recorded, 81.6 % of which were caused by dogs. The victims were predominantly men (54 %) and adults aged 20 to 64 years (47 %). Most attacks occurred on the lower limbs (44.6 %) and were caused by known dogs (77.2 %). Additionally, the circumstances of the attacks varied, with accidental incidents being the most common. However, attacks without apparent cause were more likely when the aggressor was an unknown dog (OR 1.88, p < .001). Spatial analysis, conducted using the Kernel density method, identified clusters of attacks around the health centers included in the study, while canine rabies cases were concentrated in peri-urban areas of the city, particularly in the eastern regions. Of the 855 suspected canine rabies cases analyzed during the study period, 1.5 % (n=13) tested positive, primarily in unvaccinated male mixed-breed dogs. The proportion of positive cases decreased progressively since 2019, reflecting progress in vaccination campaigns and canine population control. This study highlights the need for comprehensive public health strategies, including mass vaccination programs, educational campaigns, and the promotion of responsible pet ownership. It also underscores the importance of improving epidemiological surveillance and access to medical services to reduce rabies transmission and respond more effectively to dog bites. The findings provide essential evidence for designing targeted interventions for vulnerable communities in endemic areas.http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2311-25812025000100006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=endog attacks; canine rabies; public health; bolivia
spellingShingle Gladys Carolina Herbas-Perez
Alvaro Guibarra Urquieta
Nestor Gomez Salvatierra
Saul Jhonny Ruiz Justiniano
Ariel Jhonny Loza-Vega
Canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of Santa Cruz. A temporal-spatial perspective
Journal of the Selva Andina Animal Science
dog attacks; canine rabies; public health; bolivia
title Canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of Santa Cruz. A temporal-spatial perspective
title_full Canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of Santa Cruz. A temporal-spatial perspective
title_fullStr Canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of Santa Cruz. A temporal-spatial perspective
title_full_unstemmed Canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of Santa Cruz. A temporal-spatial perspective
title_short Canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of Santa Cruz. A temporal-spatial perspective
title_sort canine rabies and risk of dog aggression in the city of santa cruz a temporal spatial perspective
topic dog attacks; canine rabies; public health; bolivia
url http://www.scielo.org.bo/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2311-25812025000100006&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=en
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