Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>
Objectives: The present study describes the comparative effect of 24-week supplementation of beeswax alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) and coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) on plasma oxidative variables and the...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Kyung-Hyun Cho Ashutosh Bahuguna Ji-Eun Kim Yunki Lee Sang Hyuk Lee Cheolmin Jeon Cheol-Hee Kim |
| author_facet | Kyung-Hyun Cho Ashutosh Bahuguna Ji-Eun Kim Yunki Lee Sang Hyuk Lee Cheolmin Jeon Cheol-Hee Kim |
| author_sort | Kyung-Hyun Cho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: The present study describes the comparative effect of 24-week supplementation of beeswax alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) and coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) on plasma oxidative variables and the prevention of organ injury in adult zebrafish subjected to a high-cholesterol (HC, 4%, wt/wt) and -D-galactose (Gal, 30%, wt/wt) diet. Methods: Adult zebrafish were fed various HC+Gal diets enriched with either BWA or CoQ<sub>10</sub>. After 24 weeks of dietary intervention, blood and organs were harvested for subsequent biochemical and histological evaluations. Results: The HC+Gal-elevated plasma oxidative variables were reverted by the consumption of BWA, marked by the lowest plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and highest sulfhydryl content. The HC+Gal-impaired zebrafish swimming ability (staggering movement) was substantially recovered by BWA, manifested by a ~three-fold (<i>p</i> < 0.001) enhancement in swimming distance and speed. Also, the intake of BWA affected the morphology of HC+Gal-compromised kidney and induced histological changes by mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular senescence, which was markedly more effective than the results seen in the CoQ<sub>10</sub> group. Likewise, BWA proved effective in preventing HC+Gal-induced testis damage, apparent in the 48.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher spermatozoa and 26.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.01) reduced interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules. BWA substantially prevented HC+Gal-induced ovary damage by suppressing oxidative stress, lipid deposition and senescence, leading to the restoration of mature vitellogenic oocyte counts. Conclusion: BWA demonstrated a greater ability than CoQ<sub>10</sub> to enhance plasma antioxidant status, suppress ROS generation, delay organ aging and alleviate HC+Gal-induced adversity in zebrafish. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a7637882f05c4b6cb9ecd3ad170dc7cc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj-art-a7637882f05c4b6cb9ecd3ad170dc7cc2025-01-24T13:45:01ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472024-12-011811710.3390/ph18010017Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>Kyung-Hyun Cho0Ashutosh Bahuguna1Ji-Eun Kim2Yunki Lee3Sang Hyuk Lee4Cheolmin Jeon5Cheol-Hee Kim6Raydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaRaydel Research Institute, Medical Innovation Complex, Daegu 41061, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of KoreaObjectives: The present study describes the comparative effect of 24-week supplementation of beeswax alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) and coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) on plasma oxidative variables and the prevention of organ injury in adult zebrafish subjected to a high-cholesterol (HC, 4%, wt/wt) and -D-galactose (Gal, 30%, wt/wt) diet. Methods: Adult zebrafish were fed various HC+Gal diets enriched with either BWA or CoQ<sub>10</sub>. After 24 weeks of dietary intervention, blood and organs were harvested for subsequent biochemical and histological evaluations. Results: The HC+Gal-elevated plasma oxidative variables were reverted by the consumption of BWA, marked by the lowest plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and highest sulfhydryl content. The HC+Gal-impaired zebrafish swimming ability (staggering movement) was substantially recovered by BWA, manifested by a ~three-fold (<i>p</i> < 0.001) enhancement in swimming distance and speed. Also, the intake of BWA affected the morphology of HC+Gal-compromised kidney and induced histological changes by mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular senescence, which was markedly more effective than the results seen in the CoQ<sub>10</sub> group. Likewise, BWA proved effective in preventing HC+Gal-induced testis damage, apparent in the 48.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher spermatozoa and 26.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.01) reduced interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules. BWA substantially prevented HC+Gal-induced ovary damage by suppressing oxidative stress, lipid deposition and senescence, leading to the restoration of mature vitellogenic oocyte counts. Conclusion: BWA demonstrated a greater ability than CoQ<sub>10</sub> to enhance plasma antioxidant status, suppress ROS generation, delay organ aging and alleviate HC+Gal-induced adversity in zebrafish.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/1/17beeswax alcohol (BWA)coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>)oxidative variablessenescenceoocytescholesterol |
| spellingShingle | Kyung-Hyun Cho Ashutosh Bahuguna Ji-Eun Kim Yunki Lee Sang Hyuk Lee Cheolmin Jeon Cheol-Hee Kim Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> Pharmaceuticals beeswax alcohol (BWA) coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>) oxidative variables senescence oocytes cholesterol |
| title | Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_full | Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_fullStr | Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_short | Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> |
| title_sort | beeswax alcohol bwa raydel sup r sup improved blood oxidative variables and ameliorated severe damage of zebrafish kidneys testes and ovaries impaired by 24 week consumption of a high cholesterol and high galactose diet a comparative analysis with coenzyme q sub 10 sub |
| topic | beeswax alcohol (BWA) coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>) oxidative variables senescence oocytes cholesterol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/1/17 |
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