Beeswax Alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>) Improved Blood Oxidative Variables and Ameliorated Severe Damage of Zebrafish Kidneys, Testes, and Ovaries Impaired by 24-Week Consumption of a High-Cholesterol and High-Galactose Diet: A Comparative Analysis with Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub>
Objectives: The present study describes the comparative effect of 24-week supplementation of beeswax alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) and coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) on plasma oxidative variables and the...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/1/17 |
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| Summary: | Objectives: The present study describes the comparative effect of 24-week supplementation of beeswax alcohol (BWA, Raydel<sup>®</sup>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) and coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>, 0.5% and 1.0%, wt/wt) on plasma oxidative variables and the prevention of organ injury in adult zebrafish subjected to a high-cholesterol (HC, 4%, wt/wt) and -D-galactose (Gal, 30%, wt/wt) diet. Methods: Adult zebrafish were fed various HC+Gal diets enriched with either BWA or CoQ<sub>10</sub>. After 24 weeks of dietary intervention, blood and organs were harvested for subsequent biochemical and histological evaluations. Results: The HC+Gal-elevated plasma oxidative variables were reverted by the consumption of BWA, marked by the lowest plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level and highest sulfhydryl content. The HC+Gal-impaired zebrafish swimming ability (staggering movement) was substantially recovered by BWA, manifested by a ~three-fold (<i>p</i> < 0.001) enhancement in swimming distance and speed. Also, the intake of BWA affected the morphology of HC+Gal-compromised kidney and induced histological changes by mitigating reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and cellular senescence, which was markedly more effective than the results seen in the CoQ<sub>10</sub> group. Likewise, BWA proved effective in preventing HC+Gal-induced testis damage, apparent in the 48.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher spermatozoa and 26.3% (<i>p</i> < 0.01) reduced interstitial space between the seminiferous tubules. BWA substantially prevented HC+Gal-induced ovary damage by suppressing oxidative stress, lipid deposition and senescence, leading to the restoration of mature vitellogenic oocyte counts. Conclusion: BWA demonstrated a greater ability than CoQ<sub>10</sub> to enhance plasma antioxidant status, suppress ROS generation, delay organ aging and alleviate HC+Gal-induced adversity in zebrafish. |
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| ISSN: | 1424-8247 |