Antibiotic perturbation of the human gut phageome preserves its individuality and promotes blooms of virulent phages

Summary: Antibiotic use disrupts the gut microbiota, posing risks of long-term health issues and resistance. To study its impact on gut phages, we followed 22 healthy individuals 2 weeks before and up to 6 months after a 3-day course of 3rd-generation cephalosporins. Our results show that gut phages...

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Main Authors: Eugen Pfeifer, Camille d’Humières, Quentin Lamy-Besnier, Florian Plaza Oñate, Remi Denisé, Sara Dion, Bénédicte Condamine, Marie Touchon, Laurence Ma, Charles Burdet, France Mentré, Erick Denamur, Eduardo P.C. Rocha
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Cell Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124725007910
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Summary:Summary: Antibiotic use disrupts the gut microbiota, posing risks of long-term health issues and resistance. To study its impact on gut phages, we followed 22 healthy individuals 2 weeks before and up to 6 months after a 3-day course of 3rd-generation cephalosporins. Our results show that gut phages rarely encode antibiotic resistance genes and are mostly temperate, including many phage plasmids. Furthermore, phage populations remain individual-specific even after microbiome perturbation. Yet, we report a 20% decline in phage diversity the day after treatment, alongside blooms of a few, mostly virulent, phages. We suggest that some of these phages contribute to the recovery of bacterial diversity via “kill-the-winner” dynamics. This is supported by (temporarily) dominant phages targeting Parabacteroides distasonis, a bacterium that thrives post-treatment only in the absence of these phages. Our findings suggest gut phages are crucial to the microbiome response to antibiotics, aiding the restoration of balance and diversity.
ISSN:2211-1247