Spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on SDG15.3 in Ethiopia

Soil erosion has emerged as a significant global concern, posing a critical challenge particularly affecting natural resources and agriculture in emerging nations. Understanding the extent and spatial pattern of soil erosion is vital for effective planning and the implementation of targeted soil con...

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Main Authors: Dawit Kanito, Bobe Bedadi, Samuel Feyissa, Amos T. Kabo-Bah, SanLinn Kaka
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Remote Sensing
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2025.1550331/full
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author Dawit Kanito
Bobe Bedadi
Samuel Feyissa
Amos T. Kabo-Bah
SanLinn Kaka
author_facet Dawit Kanito
Bobe Bedadi
Samuel Feyissa
Amos T. Kabo-Bah
SanLinn Kaka
author_sort Dawit Kanito
collection DOAJ
description Soil erosion has emerged as a significant global concern, posing a critical challenge particularly affecting natural resources and agriculture in emerging nations. Understanding the extent and spatial pattern of soil erosion is vital for effective planning and the implementation of targeted soil conservation strategies, especially under limited resource conditions. This research was carried out in the Gununo watershed, where soil erosion endangers agricultural productivity and environmental health. Primary and secondary datasets such as coordinate points, soil samples, digital soil map, meteorological data, digital elevation model (DEM), and Landsat images were collected. Using RUSLE model in the GIS environment, this study calculated a mean annual soil loss, identified high-risk areas, and prioritized subwatersheds (WHs) for intervention. The overall analysis was carried out by multiplying input factors together in a raster calculator to quantify soil loss of the entire watershed. The analysis revealed that annual erosion varied between 0 and 360 t ha−1 yr−1, with an average of 22 t ha−1 yr−1. Approximately 36% of the area was classified as experiencing moderate to very severe classes, contributing 72.2% of the annual soil loss. The finding indicated that cultivated and bare lands are the most vulnerable land use classes which comprise 73% of the annual loss. The northeast and central-west zones of the study area emerged as erosion hotspots. Based on average annual erosion rate, the subwatersheds WH-4, WH-5, WH-7, WH-8, WH-3, WH-9, WH-6, WH-2, WH-10, and WH-1, were assigned sequential priority levels from 1–10. Among these, the first six consecutive WHs, covering 57.5% of the total landmass, exceeded tolerable soil loss rates, highlighting their urgent need for intervention. This research highlights the significance of earth observation in advancing sustainable land management and contributing to the goals of the SDG 2030 agenda.
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spelling doaj-art-a7142ee22f4c448c9a5a528a98d6ce0b2025-08-20T02:05:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Remote Sensing2673-61872025-03-01610.3389/frsen.2025.15503311550331Spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on SDG15.3 in EthiopiaDawit Kanito0Bobe Bedadi1Samuel Feyissa2Amos T. Kabo-Bah3SanLinn Kaka4Geosciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaSchool of Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, EthiopiaDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Energy and Natural Resources, Sunyani, GhanaGeosciences Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi ArabiaSoil erosion has emerged as a significant global concern, posing a critical challenge particularly affecting natural resources and agriculture in emerging nations. Understanding the extent and spatial pattern of soil erosion is vital for effective planning and the implementation of targeted soil conservation strategies, especially under limited resource conditions. This research was carried out in the Gununo watershed, where soil erosion endangers agricultural productivity and environmental health. Primary and secondary datasets such as coordinate points, soil samples, digital soil map, meteorological data, digital elevation model (DEM), and Landsat images were collected. Using RUSLE model in the GIS environment, this study calculated a mean annual soil loss, identified high-risk areas, and prioritized subwatersheds (WHs) for intervention. The overall analysis was carried out by multiplying input factors together in a raster calculator to quantify soil loss of the entire watershed. The analysis revealed that annual erosion varied between 0 and 360 t ha−1 yr−1, with an average of 22 t ha−1 yr−1. Approximately 36% of the area was classified as experiencing moderate to very severe classes, contributing 72.2% of the annual soil loss. The finding indicated that cultivated and bare lands are the most vulnerable land use classes which comprise 73% of the annual loss. The northeast and central-west zones of the study area emerged as erosion hotspots. Based on average annual erosion rate, the subwatersheds WH-4, WH-5, WH-7, WH-8, WH-3, WH-9, WH-6, WH-2, WH-10, and WH-1, were assigned sequential priority levels from 1–10. Among these, the first six consecutive WHs, covering 57.5% of the total landmass, exceeded tolerable soil loss rates, highlighting their urgent need for intervention. This research highlights the significance of earth observation in advancing sustainable land management and contributing to the goals of the SDG 2030 agenda.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2025.1550331/fullRUSLESDGsOmo-Gibe basinerosion modellingsubwatershed prioritizationsoil loss
spellingShingle Dawit Kanito
Bobe Bedadi
Samuel Feyissa
Amos T. Kabo-Bah
SanLinn Kaka
Spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on SDG15.3 in Ethiopia
Frontiers in Remote Sensing
RUSLE
SDGs
Omo-Gibe basin
erosion modelling
subwatershed prioritization
soil loss
title Spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on SDG15.3 in Ethiopia
title_full Spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on SDG15.3 in Ethiopia
title_fullStr Spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on SDG15.3 in Ethiopia
title_full_unstemmed Spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on SDG15.3 in Ethiopia
title_short Spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on SDG15.3 in Ethiopia
title_sort spatial assessment of soil erosion for prioritizing efforts on sdg15 3 in ethiopia
topic RUSLE
SDGs
Omo-Gibe basin
erosion modelling
subwatershed prioritization
soil loss
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frsen.2025.1550331/full
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