Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates
Esophageal candidiasis (EC) is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. In the gastrointestinal tract, the esophagus is the second most susceptible to candida infection, only after the oropharynx. Immunocompromised patients are most at risk, including patients with HIV/AIDS, leukemia, diabeti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3585136 |
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| author | Abdimajid Ahmed Mohamed Xin-liang Lu Faycal Awaleh Mounmin |
| author_facet | Abdimajid Ahmed Mohamed Xin-liang Lu Faycal Awaleh Mounmin |
| author_sort | Abdimajid Ahmed Mohamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Esophageal candidiasis (EC) is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. In the gastrointestinal tract, the esophagus is the second most susceptible to candida infection, only after the oropharynx. Immunocompromised patients are most at risk, including patients with HIV/AIDS, leukemia, diabetics, and those who are receiving corticosteroids, radiation, and chemotherapy. Another group includes those who used antibiotics frequently and those who have esophageal motility disorder (cardiac achalasia and scleroderma). Patients complained of pain on swallowing, difficulty swallowing, and pain behind the sternum. On physical examination, there is a plaque that often occurs together with oral thrush. Endoscopic examination is the best approach to diagnose this disease by directly observing the white mucosal plaque-like lesions and exudates adherent to the mucosa. These adherent lesions cannot be washed off with water from irrigation. This disease is confirmed histologically by taking the biopsy or brushings of yeast and pseudohyphae invading mucosal cells. The treatment is by systemic antifungal drugs given orally in a defined course. It is important to differentiate esophageal candidiasis from other forms of infectious esophagitis such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, medication-induced esophagitis, radiation-induced esophageal injury, and inflammatory conditions such as eosinophilic esophagitis. Except for a few complications such as necrotizing esophageal candidiasis, fistula, and sepsis, the prognosis of esophageal candidiasis has been good. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a611563acac547f9b757405d3469dcfa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2291-2789 2291-2797 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a611563acac547f9b757405d3469dcfa2025-02-03T06:12:11ZengWileyCanadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology2291-27892291-27972019-01-01201910.1155/2019/35851363585136Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current UpdatesAbdimajid Ahmed Mohamed0Xin-liang Lu1Faycal Awaleh Mounmin2Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, ChinaEsophageal candidiasis (EC) is the most common type of infectious esophagitis. In the gastrointestinal tract, the esophagus is the second most susceptible to candida infection, only after the oropharynx. Immunocompromised patients are most at risk, including patients with HIV/AIDS, leukemia, diabetics, and those who are receiving corticosteroids, radiation, and chemotherapy. Another group includes those who used antibiotics frequently and those who have esophageal motility disorder (cardiac achalasia and scleroderma). Patients complained of pain on swallowing, difficulty swallowing, and pain behind the sternum. On physical examination, there is a plaque that often occurs together with oral thrush. Endoscopic examination is the best approach to diagnose this disease by directly observing the white mucosal plaque-like lesions and exudates adherent to the mucosa. These adherent lesions cannot be washed off with water from irrigation. This disease is confirmed histologically by taking the biopsy or brushings of yeast and pseudohyphae invading mucosal cells. The treatment is by systemic antifungal drugs given orally in a defined course. It is important to differentiate esophageal candidiasis from other forms of infectious esophagitis such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus, gastroesophageal reflux disease, medication-induced esophagitis, radiation-induced esophageal injury, and inflammatory conditions such as eosinophilic esophagitis. Except for a few complications such as necrotizing esophageal candidiasis, fistula, and sepsis, the prognosis of esophageal candidiasis has been good.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3585136 |
| spellingShingle | Abdimajid Ahmed Mohamed Xin-liang Lu Faycal Awaleh Mounmin Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology |
| title | Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates |
| title_full | Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates |
| title_fullStr | Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates |
| title_short | Diagnosis and Treatment of Esophageal Candidiasis: Current Updates |
| title_sort | diagnosis and treatment of esophageal candidiasis current updates |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3585136 |
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