Adaptive Syndrome Extraction

Device error rates on current quantum computers have improved enough to where demonstrations of error correction below break even are now possible. Still, the circuits required for quantum error correction introduce significant overhead and sometimes inject more errors than they correct. In this wor...

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Main Authors: Noah Berthusen, Shi Jie Samuel Tan, Eric Huang, Daniel Gottesman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: American Physical Society 2025-07-01
Series:PRX Quantum
Online Access:http://doi.org/10.1103/ps3r-wf84
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author Noah Berthusen
Shi Jie Samuel Tan
Eric Huang
Daniel Gottesman
author_facet Noah Berthusen
Shi Jie Samuel Tan
Eric Huang
Daniel Gottesman
author_sort Noah Berthusen
collection DOAJ
description Device error rates on current quantum computers have improved enough to where demonstrations of error correction below break even are now possible. Still, the circuits required for quantum error correction introduce significant overhead and sometimes inject more errors than they correct. In this work, we introduce adaptive syndrome extraction as a scheme to improve code performance and reduce the quantum error-correction cycle time by measuring only the stabilizer generators that are likely to provide useful syndrome information. We provide a concrete example of the scheme through the [[4,2,2]] code concatenated with a hypergraph product code and a syndrome-extraction cycle that uses quantum error detection to modify the syndrome-extraction circuits in real time. Compared to nonconcatenated codes and nonadaptive syndrome extraction, we find that the adaptive scheme achieves over an order of magnitude lower logical error rates while requiring fewer cnot gates and physical qubits. Furthermore, we show how to achieve fault-tolerant universal logical computation with [[4,2,2]]-concatenated hypergraph product codes.
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spelling doaj-art-a5c267ec66fa4541a8928b04bfb51c472025-08-20T02:40:26ZengAmerican Physical SocietyPRX Quantum2691-33992025-07-016303030710.1103/ps3r-wf84Adaptive Syndrome ExtractionNoah BerthusenShi Jie Samuel TanEric HuangDaniel GottesmanDevice error rates on current quantum computers have improved enough to where demonstrations of error correction below break even are now possible. Still, the circuits required for quantum error correction introduce significant overhead and sometimes inject more errors than they correct. In this work, we introduce adaptive syndrome extraction as a scheme to improve code performance and reduce the quantum error-correction cycle time by measuring only the stabilizer generators that are likely to provide useful syndrome information. We provide a concrete example of the scheme through the [[4,2,2]] code concatenated with a hypergraph product code and a syndrome-extraction cycle that uses quantum error detection to modify the syndrome-extraction circuits in real time. Compared to nonconcatenated codes and nonadaptive syndrome extraction, we find that the adaptive scheme achieves over an order of magnitude lower logical error rates while requiring fewer cnot gates and physical qubits. Furthermore, we show how to achieve fault-tolerant universal logical computation with [[4,2,2]]-concatenated hypergraph product codes.http://doi.org/10.1103/ps3r-wf84
spellingShingle Noah Berthusen
Shi Jie Samuel Tan
Eric Huang
Daniel Gottesman
Adaptive Syndrome Extraction
PRX Quantum
title Adaptive Syndrome Extraction
title_full Adaptive Syndrome Extraction
title_fullStr Adaptive Syndrome Extraction
title_full_unstemmed Adaptive Syndrome Extraction
title_short Adaptive Syndrome Extraction
title_sort adaptive syndrome extraction
url http://doi.org/10.1103/ps3r-wf84
work_keys_str_mv AT noahberthusen adaptivesyndromeextraction
AT shijiesamueltan adaptivesyndromeextraction
AT erichuang adaptivesyndromeextraction
AT danielgottesman adaptivesyndromeextraction