Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steels
Heat treatment is an essential step in achieving the desired characteristics in steels. Quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels are often tempered to adjust the strength-ductility ratio by taking advantage of the precipitation of carbides. In practice, many parts already contain residual stresses, fo...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542402845X |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832595416327127040 |
|---|---|
| author | Niki Nouri Elena Hillenmeyer Thanusan Thavarajan Stefan Dietrich Volker Schulze |
| author_facet | Niki Nouri Elena Hillenmeyer Thanusan Thavarajan Stefan Dietrich Volker Schulze |
| author_sort | Niki Nouri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heat treatment is an essential step in achieving the desired characteristics in steels. Quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels are often tempered to adjust the strength-ductility ratio by taking advantage of the precipitation of carbides. In practice, many parts already contain residual stresses, for example due to the temperature gradients during surface hardening, and therefore tempering takes place under the influence of these stresses. The occurring transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) means significant plastic deformation during a phase transformation under a stress below the material’s yield strength. In this work, tempering TRIP of three different Q&T steels has been studied by means of dilatometry, hardness measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. The heating rate, as well as the direction and level of applied stress, have been varied. The results have proven the existence of TRIP strain during continuous tempering and its linear dependence on the fraction of the precipitates. A higher amount of carbon results in a growth of the precipitates surface area percentage, leading to an increase in the TRIP strain and consequently the TRIP constant. This indicates the presence of the Greenwood–Johnson effect, which relates TRIP to the difference in volume between the existing and forming phases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a58f788a03ca49db91b79f9ec7b797c3 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a58f788a03ca49db91b79f9ec7b797c32025-01-19T06:25:10ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-01-0134730737Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steelsNiki Nouri0Elena Hillenmeyer1Thanusan Thavarajan2Stefan Dietrich3Volker Schulze4Corresponding author.; Institute for Applied Materials – Materials Science and Engineering (IAM-WK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Applied Materials – Materials Science and Engineering (IAM-WK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Applied Materials – Materials Science and Engineering (IAM-WK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Applied Materials – Materials Science and Engineering (IAM-WK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyInstitute for Applied Materials – Materials Science and Engineering (IAM-WK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, GermanyHeat treatment is an essential step in achieving the desired characteristics in steels. Quenched and tempered (Q&T) steels are often tempered to adjust the strength-ductility ratio by taking advantage of the precipitation of carbides. In practice, many parts already contain residual stresses, for example due to the temperature gradients during surface hardening, and therefore tempering takes place under the influence of these stresses. The occurring transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) means significant plastic deformation during a phase transformation under a stress below the material’s yield strength. In this work, tempering TRIP of three different Q&T steels has been studied by means of dilatometry, hardness measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. The heating rate, as well as the direction and level of applied stress, have been varied. The results have proven the existence of TRIP strain during continuous tempering and its linear dependence on the fraction of the precipitates. A higher amount of carbon results in a growth of the precipitates surface area percentage, leading to an increase in the TRIP strain and consequently the TRIP constant. This indicates the presence of the Greenwood–Johnson effect, which relates TRIP to the difference in volume between the existing and forming phases.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542402845XTransformation induced plasticityTemperingQuenched and tempered steelsPrecipitationCarbide fraction |
| spellingShingle | Niki Nouri Elena Hillenmeyer Thanusan Thavarajan Stefan Dietrich Volker Schulze Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steels Journal of Materials Research and Technology Transformation induced plasticity Tempering Quenched and tempered steels Precipitation Carbide fraction |
| title | Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steels |
| title_full | Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steels |
| title_fullStr | Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steels |
| title_short | Transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steels |
| title_sort | transformation induced plasticity trip due to precipitation during continuous tempering of quenched and tempered steels |
| topic | Transformation induced plasticity Tempering Quenched and tempered steels Precipitation Carbide fraction |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S223878542402845X |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nikinouri transformationinducedplasticitytripduetoprecipitationduringcontinuoustemperingofquenchedandtemperedsteels AT elenahillenmeyer transformationinducedplasticitytripduetoprecipitationduringcontinuoustemperingofquenchedandtemperedsteels AT thanusanthavarajan transformationinducedplasticitytripduetoprecipitationduringcontinuoustemperingofquenchedandtemperedsteels AT stefandietrich transformationinducedplasticitytripduetoprecipitationduringcontinuoustemperingofquenchedandtemperedsteels AT volkerschulze transformationinducedplasticitytripduetoprecipitationduringcontinuoustemperingofquenchedandtemperedsteels |