The Multi-Resolution Migration Imaging Method for Grounded Electrical Source Transient Electromagnetic Virtual Wavefield

The traditional source uses a square wave with a fixed fundamental frequency to excite transient electromagnetic (TEM) fields, with harmonic energy primarily concentrated in the low-frequency range, limiting the detection resolution of the TEM. The differential pulse, composed of two square waves wi...

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Main Authors: Kailiang Lu, Xiu Li, Jianhua Yue, Ya’nan Fan, Qinrun Yang, Xiaozhen Teng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1107
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author Kailiang Lu
Xiu Li
Jianhua Yue
Ya’nan Fan
Qinrun Yang
Xiaozhen Teng
author_facet Kailiang Lu
Xiu Li
Jianhua Yue
Ya’nan Fan
Qinrun Yang
Xiaozhen Teng
author_sort Kailiang Lu
collection DOAJ
description The traditional source uses a square wave with a fixed fundamental frequency to excite transient electromagnetic (TEM) fields, with harmonic energy primarily concentrated in the low-frequency range, limiting the detection resolution of the TEM. The differential pulse, composed of two square waves with identical pulse widths but opposite polarities, concentrates harmonic energy more effectively. By adjusting the pulse width of the differential pulse, the concentration frequency band of harmonic energy can be changed, enabling multi-resolution detection of geological structures at different depths. In this study, TEM fields are excited using differential pulses of varying pulse widths during power supply. A preconditioned precise integration time-sweeping wavefield reverse transformation method is applied to interpret the virtual wavefield from the diffusion field, effectively improving the numerical accuracy and noise resistance of the virtual wavefield. Then, the finite-difference migration imaging method is used to obtain imaging profiles for differential pulses of different pulse widths, and stacking techniques are applied to acquire high-resolution characteristics of electrical interfaces at various depths. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified through a complex geological model. By comparing the relative anomalies of square waves and differential pulses with different pulse widths, the results show that the electromagnetic anomalies for differential pulses are increased by 53.7%. Therefore, using differential pulses as the excitation source leads to higher-resolution electromagnetic responses, which in turn result in high-resolution imaging.
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issn 2076-3417
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spelling doaj-art-a5474d25a1254224b3f90f49cfe60cae2025-08-20T02:48:09ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-01153110710.3390/app15031107The Multi-Resolution Migration Imaging Method for Grounded Electrical Source Transient Electromagnetic Virtual WavefieldKailiang Lu0Xiu Li1Jianhua Yue2Ya’nan Fan3Qinrun Yang4Xiaozhen Teng5State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaCollege of Geology Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, ChinaSchool of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Healthy Operation and Maintenance of Deep Underground Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaSchool of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, ChinaThe traditional source uses a square wave with a fixed fundamental frequency to excite transient electromagnetic (TEM) fields, with harmonic energy primarily concentrated in the low-frequency range, limiting the detection resolution of the TEM. The differential pulse, composed of two square waves with identical pulse widths but opposite polarities, concentrates harmonic energy more effectively. By adjusting the pulse width of the differential pulse, the concentration frequency band of harmonic energy can be changed, enabling multi-resolution detection of geological structures at different depths. In this study, TEM fields are excited using differential pulses of varying pulse widths during power supply. A preconditioned precise integration time-sweeping wavefield reverse transformation method is applied to interpret the virtual wavefield from the diffusion field, effectively improving the numerical accuracy and noise resistance of the virtual wavefield. Then, the finite-difference migration imaging method is used to obtain imaging profiles for differential pulses of different pulse widths, and stacking techniques are applied to acquire high-resolution characteristics of electrical interfaces at various depths. Finally, the feasibility of the method is verified through a complex geological model. By comparing the relative anomalies of square waves and differential pulses with different pulse widths, the results show that the electromagnetic anomalies for differential pulses are increased by 53.7%. Therefore, using differential pulses as the excitation source leads to higher-resolution electromagnetic responses, which in turn result in high-resolution imaging.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1107transient electromagnetic (TEM)differential pulsesvirtual wavefieldmulti-resolutionpre-stack migration imaging
spellingShingle Kailiang Lu
Xiu Li
Jianhua Yue
Ya’nan Fan
Qinrun Yang
Xiaozhen Teng
The Multi-Resolution Migration Imaging Method for Grounded Electrical Source Transient Electromagnetic Virtual Wavefield
Applied Sciences
transient electromagnetic (TEM)
differential pulses
virtual wavefield
multi-resolution
pre-stack migration imaging
title The Multi-Resolution Migration Imaging Method for Grounded Electrical Source Transient Electromagnetic Virtual Wavefield
title_full The Multi-Resolution Migration Imaging Method for Grounded Electrical Source Transient Electromagnetic Virtual Wavefield
title_fullStr The Multi-Resolution Migration Imaging Method for Grounded Electrical Source Transient Electromagnetic Virtual Wavefield
title_full_unstemmed The Multi-Resolution Migration Imaging Method for Grounded Electrical Source Transient Electromagnetic Virtual Wavefield
title_short The Multi-Resolution Migration Imaging Method for Grounded Electrical Source Transient Electromagnetic Virtual Wavefield
title_sort multi resolution migration imaging method for grounded electrical source transient electromagnetic virtual wavefield
topic transient electromagnetic (TEM)
differential pulses
virtual wavefield
multi-resolution
pre-stack migration imaging
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/3/1107
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