Handling method for GPS outages based on PSO-LSTM and fading adaptive Kalman filtering

Abstract To mitigate the degradation in GPS/INS integrated navigation performance during GPS signal outages, a PSO-optimized LSTM method is proposed to predict the pseudo position. The PSO algorithm is utilized to optimize two hyperparameters, neuron count and learning rate, which are essential to i...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiaoming Li, Xianchen Wang, Can Pei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95716-1
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850202745396527104
author Xiaoming Li
Xianchen Wang
Can Pei
author_facet Xiaoming Li
Xianchen Wang
Can Pei
author_sort Xiaoming Li
collection DOAJ
description Abstract To mitigate the degradation in GPS/INS integrated navigation performance during GPS signal outages, a PSO-optimized LSTM method is proposed to predict the pseudo position. The PSO algorithm is utilized to optimize two hyperparameters, neuron count and learning rate, which are essential to improve the training efficiency and prediction accuracy in the LSTM model. Considering that the predicted pseudo-position may contain outliers or accumulated errors, a robust algorithm is employed to mitigate its impact on correcting INS errors. Therefore, a Fading Adaptive Kalman Filter is introduced, which incorporates a dynamic fading factor to adaptively adjust the observation noise covariance matrix. This mitigates the impact of observation anomalies, further refining the filtering process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PSO-LSTM method effectively reduces positional errors associated with inertial navigation during GPS outages and enhances the reliability of positioning. Compared to the conventional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the Fading adaptive EKF further improves three-dimensional positioning accuracy by up to 23.6%, 18.3%, and 22.7%, respectively.
format Article
id doaj-art-a49de2fc5fdf4e61a43da9a3af860fec
institution OA Journals
issn 2045-2322
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher Nature Portfolio
record_format Article
series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-a49de2fc5fdf4e61a43da9a3af860fec2025-08-20T02:11:41ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111510.1038/s41598-025-95716-1Handling method for GPS outages based on PSO-LSTM and fading adaptive Kalman filteringXiaoming Li0Xianchen Wang1Can Pei2College of Surveying and Geo-Informatics, Tongji UniversitySchool of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic UniversitySchool of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic UniversityAbstract To mitigate the degradation in GPS/INS integrated navigation performance during GPS signal outages, a PSO-optimized LSTM method is proposed to predict the pseudo position. The PSO algorithm is utilized to optimize two hyperparameters, neuron count and learning rate, which are essential to improve the training efficiency and prediction accuracy in the LSTM model. Considering that the predicted pseudo-position may contain outliers or accumulated errors, a robust algorithm is employed to mitigate its impact on correcting INS errors. Therefore, a Fading Adaptive Kalman Filter is introduced, which incorporates a dynamic fading factor to adaptively adjust the observation noise covariance matrix. This mitigates the impact of observation anomalies, further refining the filtering process. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed PSO-LSTM method effectively reduces positional errors associated with inertial navigation during GPS outages and enhances the reliability of positioning. Compared to the conventional Extended Kalman Filter (EKF), the Fading adaptive EKF further improves three-dimensional positioning accuracy by up to 23.6%, 18.3%, and 22.7%, respectively.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95716-1GPS/INSParticle swarm optimizationLSTMFading adaptive filter
spellingShingle Xiaoming Li
Xianchen Wang
Can Pei
Handling method for GPS outages based on PSO-LSTM and fading adaptive Kalman filtering
Scientific Reports
GPS/INS
Particle swarm optimization
LSTM
Fading adaptive filter
title Handling method for GPS outages based on PSO-LSTM and fading adaptive Kalman filtering
title_full Handling method for GPS outages based on PSO-LSTM and fading adaptive Kalman filtering
title_fullStr Handling method for GPS outages based on PSO-LSTM and fading adaptive Kalman filtering
title_full_unstemmed Handling method for GPS outages based on PSO-LSTM and fading adaptive Kalman filtering
title_short Handling method for GPS outages based on PSO-LSTM and fading adaptive Kalman filtering
title_sort handling method for gps outages based on pso lstm and fading adaptive kalman filtering
topic GPS/INS
Particle swarm optimization
LSTM
Fading adaptive filter
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-95716-1
work_keys_str_mv AT xiaomingli handlingmethodforgpsoutagesbasedonpsolstmandfadingadaptivekalmanfiltering
AT xianchenwang handlingmethodforgpsoutagesbasedonpsolstmandfadingadaptivekalmanfiltering
AT canpei handlingmethodforgpsoutagesbasedonpsolstmandfadingadaptivekalmanfiltering