Characterization of Ghanaian clays as raw materials for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite
Clay minerals are inexpensive and widely available starting materials for the synthesis of zeolites, such as ZSM-5. In this work, clay samples were collected from Anfoega, Mfensi, Teleku-Bokazo, and Tetebu clay reserves in Ghana and used as sources of silica and alumina for the synthesis of ZSM-5 ze...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Scientific African |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2468227625000419 |
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| Summary: | Clay minerals are inexpensive and widely available starting materials for the synthesis of zeolites, such as ZSM-5. In this work, clay samples were collected from Anfoega, Mfensi, Teleku-Bokazo, and Tetebu clay reserves in Ghana and used as sources of silica and alumina for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite. The raw clay samples were cleaned, pulverized, and calcined, followed by acid leaching to increase the Si/Al molar ratio, and finally passed through a hydrothermal zeolitization process. Powder-X-ray Diffraction (p-XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Thermogravimetric Analysis/Differential Scanning Calorimetry (TGA-DSC) were used to characterize the clay samples. All four clay samples contained kaolinite and quartz in addition to other clay minerals. Notably, the pre-treatment processes were key in acquiring the ZSM-5 product. Our results suggest that the controlling factor in making the clay samples viable for the synthesis of ZSM-5 zeolite is the final SiO2/Al2O3 molar ratio obtained after acid leaching. ZSM-5 zeolite was synthesized from all four clay sources at a crystallization temperature and time of 190 °C and 24 h, respectively, demonstrating the potential of the Ghanaian clays as raw materials for zeolite synthesis. |
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| ISSN: | 2468-2276 |