Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: A review of applications, challenges, and future perspectives

Solvothermal synthesis has become a potent and adaptable method for producing metal oxide nanomaterials under control. This technique has been widely used to create important metal oxides, including vanadium oxides (VxOy), iron oxides (FexOy), CeO₂, CuO, ZnO₂, TiO₂, and NiO nanoparticles. This revie...

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Main Authors: Aderaw Anteneh Belew, Melesse Ababay Assege
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Results in Chemistry
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625004217
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author Aderaw Anteneh Belew
Melesse Ababay Assege
author_facet Aderaw Anteneh Belew
Melesse Ababay Assege
author_sort Aderaw Anteneh Belew
collection DOAJ
description Solvothermal synthesis has become a potent and adaptable method for producing metal oxide nanomaterials under control. This technique has been widely used to create important metal oxides, including vanadium oxides (VxOy), iron oxides (FexOy), CeO₂, CuO, ZnO₂, TiO₂, and NiO nanoparticles. This review thoroughly examines how key parameters such as solvent selection, reaction temperature, pressure, and other environmental factors govern the resultant morphology and particle size of these nanomaterials. We critically assess the advantages and limitations of solvothermal methods, particularly their ability to produce uniform nanostructures, and the challenges related to scalability and solvent handling. Recent developments are discussed, including non-classical crystallization mechanisms, solvent dynamics, and precursor chemistry that influence nucleation and growth. Furthermore, we highlight the diverse applications of solvothermal synthesized nanomaterials in catalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and optoelectronics, concluding with a discussion of future directions for this rapidly evolving field.
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spelling doaj-art-a4112e8e1d2e4e599fca3634abf84b4f2025-08-20T03:23:34ZengElsevierResults in Chemistry2211-71562025-07-011610243810.1016/j.rechem.2025.102438Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: A review of applications, challenges, and future perspectivesAderaw Anteneh Belew0Melesse Ababay Assege1Jigjiga University, College of Natural and Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 1020, Jigjiga, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.University of Gondar, College of Natural and Computational Science, Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 196, Gondar, EthiopiaSolvothermal synthesis has become a potent and adaptable method for producing metal oxide nanomaterials under control. This technique has been widely used to create important metal oxides, including vanadium oxides (VxOy), iron oxides (FexOy), CeO₂, CuO, ZnO₂, TiO₂, and NiO nanoparticles. This review thoroughly examines how key parameters such as solvent selection, reaction temperature, pressure, and other environmental factors govern the resultant morphology and particle size of these nanomaterials. We critically assess the advantages and limitations of solvothermal methods, particularly their ability to produce uniform nanostructures, and the challenges related to scalability and solvent handling. Recent developments are discussed, including non-classical crystallization mechanisms, solvent dynamics, and precursor chemistry that influence nucleation and growth. Furthermore, we highlight the diverse applications of solvothermal synthesized nanomaterials in catalysis, energy storage, biomedicine, and optoelectronics, concluding with a discussion of future directions for this rapidly evolving field.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625004217SolvothermalNanoparticlesMetal oxideChallenges
spellingShingle Aderaw Anteneh Belew
Melesse Ababay Assege
Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: A review of applications, challenges, and future perspectives
Results in Chemistry
Solvothermal
Nanoparticles
Metal oxide
Challenges
title Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: A review of applications, challenges, and future perspectives
title_full Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: A review of applications, challenges, and future perspectives
title_fullStr Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: A review of applications, challenges, and future perspectives
title_full_unstemmed Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: A review of applications, challenges, and future perspectives
title_short Solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles: A review of applications, challenges, and future perspectives
title_sort solvothermal synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles a review of applications challenges and future perspectives
topic Solvothermal
Nanoparticles
Metal oxide
Challenges
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211715625004217
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