Supervised and unsupervised deep learning-based approaches for studying DNA replication spatiotemporal dynamics

Abstract In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is organised both spatially and temporally, as evidenced by the stage-specific spatial distribution of replication foci in the nucleus. Despite the genetic association of aberrant DNA replication with numerous human diseases, the labour-intensive methods...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Julian Ng-Kee-Kwong, Ben Philps, Fiona N. C. Smith, Aleksandra Sobieska, Naiming Chen, Constance Alabert, Hakan Bilen, Sara C. B. Buonomo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Communications Biology
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-07744-2
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Summary:Abstract In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is organised both spatially and temporally, as evidenced by the stage-specific spatial distribution of replication foci in the nucleus. Despite the genetic association of aberrant DNA replication with numerous human diseases, the labour-intensive methods employed to study DNA replication have hindered large-scale analyses of its roles in pathological processes. In this study, we employ two distinct methodologies. We first apply supervised machine learning, successfully classifying S-phase patterns in wild-type mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), while additionally identifying altered replication dynamics in Rif1-deficient mESCs. Given the constraints imposed by a classification-based approach, we then develop an unsupervised method for large-scale detection of aberrant S-phase cells. Such a method, which does not aim to classify patterns based on pre-defined categories but rather detects differences autonomously, closely recapitulates expected differences across genotypes. We therefore extend our approach to a well-characterised cellular model of inducible deregulated origin firing, involving cyclin E overexpression. Through parallel EdU- and PCNA-based analyses, we demonstrate the potential applicability of our method to patient samples, offering a means to identify the contribution of deregulated DNA replication to a plethora of pathogenic processes.
ISSN:2399-3642