Insights into wind-driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead-zinc mining area of northern China

ABSTRACT: Long-term mining activities can result in the release of heavy metals into soil, ultimately posing a threat to human health. In arid and semi-arid regions, wind-driven transport of these toxic metals from mining areas represents a primary mechanism for their spatial distribution. To evalua...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zun-zhuang Ke, Xue Han, Ran Zhou, Yi-fei Zhang, Guan-nan Liu, Chang-qing Zhang, Zhao Liu, Xiao-sai Li, Wen-bo Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2025-07-01
Series:China Geology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096519225000886
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849343659616501760
author Zun-zhuang Ke
Xue Han
Ran Zhou
Yi-fei Zhang
Guan-nan Liu
Chang-qing Zhang
Zhao Liu
Xiao-sai Li
Wen-bo Li
author_facet Zun-zhuang Ke
Xue Han
Ran Zhou
Yi-fei Zhang
Guan-nan Liu
Chang-qing Zhang
Zhao Liu
Xiao-sai Li
Wen-bo Li
author_sort Zun-zhuang Ke
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT: Long-term mining activities can result in the release of heavy metals into soil, ultimately posing a threat to human health. In arid and semi-arid regions, wind-driven transport of these toxic metals from mining areas represents a primary mechanism for their spatial distribution. To evaluate pollution levels and associated health risks of eight metals, A total of 95 soil samples, corresponding 25 vegetable samples and 3 tailing samples were collected from various land types surrounding a typical Pb-Zn mine in northern China’s semi-arid region. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils were 62.8, 0.27, 29.6, 11.5, 0.02, 14.4, 49.9 and 109.5 mg/kg, respectively. Among these, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn emerged as the predominant pollutants, with some samples exceeding national risk screening values. The results of contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated that heavy metals in most soils exhibited non-polluted level or slight pollution level, though localized severe contamination by As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was observed. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrated similar dispersion patterns for As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, with wind-mediated transport extending up to 2.0 km from contamination sources. Pearson’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that As, Cd, Pb and Zn mainly originated from mining activities, and Cr, Ni, Cu and Hg derived from soil parent materials. All vegetable samples contained metal concentrations below food safety thresholds. Health risk assessment showed hazard quotient (HQ) values for individual metals below 1 across all exposure groups, indicating negligible non-carcinogenic risk. Similarly, carcinogenic risk (CR) values for As, Cd, Cr, and Pb fell within acceptable ranges. While mining activities have induced significant localized contamination, the overall affected area remains limited in arid and semi-arid regions. However, greater attention should be directed toward potential health implications from vegetable consumption in proximity to mining operations within arid and semi-arid regions.
format Article
id doaj-art-a3b2d045f1754b6285afff55e540e9d9
institution Kabale University
issn 2589-9430
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
record_format Article
series China Geology
spelling doaj-art-a3b2d045f1754b6285afff55e540e9d92025-08-20T03:42:53ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.China Geology2589-94302025-07-018348749910.1016/S2096-5192(25)00088-6Insights into wind-driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead-zinc mining area of northern ChinaZun-zhuang Ke0Xue Han1Ran Zhou2Yi-fei Zhang3Guan-nan Liu4Chang-qing Zhang5Zhao Liu6Xiao-sai Li7Wen-bo Li8MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaNo.1 Geological institute of China Metallurgical Geology BureauNo.1 Geological institute of China Metallurgical Geology BureauNo.1 Geological institute of China Metallurgical Geology BureauMNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; Corresponding author: (Guan-nan Liu).MNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, ChinaMNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, ChinaMNR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, ChinaSchool of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, ChinaABSTRACT: Long-term mining activities can result in the release of heavy metals into soil, ultimately posing a threat to human health. In arid and semi-arid regions, wind-driven transport of these toxic metals from mining areas represents a primary mechanism for their spatial distribution. To evaluate pollution levels and associated health risks of eight metals, A total of 95 soil samples, corresponding 25 vegetable samples and 3 tailing samples were collected from various land types surrounding a typical Pb-Zn mine in northern China’s semi-arid region. The mean concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn in soils were 62.8, 0.27, 29.6, 11.5, 0.02, 14.4, 49.9 and 109.5 mg/kg, respectively. Among these, As, Cd, Pb, and Zn emerged as the predominant pollutants, with some samples exceeding national risk screening values. The results of contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI) and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated that heavy metals in most soils exhibited non-polluted level or slight pollution level, though localized severe contamination by As, Cd, Pb, and Zn was observed. Spatial distribution analysis demonstrated similar dispersion patterns for As, Cd, Pb, and Zn, with wind-mediated transport extending up to 2.0 km from contamination sources. Pearson’s correlation analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) suggested that As, Cd, Pb and Zn mainly originated from mining activities, and Cr, Ni, Cu and Hg derived from soil parent materials. All vegetable samples contained metal concentrations below food safety thresholds. Health risk assessment showed hazard quotient (HQ) values for individual metals below 1 across all exposure groups, indicating negligible non-carcinogenic risk. Similarly, carcinogenic risk (CR) values for As, Cd, Cr, and Pb fell within acceptable ranges. While mining activities have induced significant localized contamination, the overall affected area remains limited in arid and semi-arid regions. However, greater attention should be directed toward potential health implications from vegetable consumption in proximity to mining operations within arid and semi-arid regions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096519225000886Lead-zinc mineHeavy metalsHealth riskSoilSemi-arid regionsVegetable
spellingShingle Zun-zhuang Ke
Xue Han
Ran Zhou
Yi-fei Zhang
Guan-nan Liu
Chang-qing Zhang
Zhao Liu
Xiao-sai Li
Wen-bo Li
Insights into wind-driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead-zinc mining area of northern China
China Geology
Lead-zinc mine
Heavy metals
Health risk
Soil
Semi-arid regions
Vegetable
title Insights into wind-driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead-zinc mining area of northern China
title_full Insights into wind-driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead-zinc mining area of northern China
title_fullStr Insights into wind-driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead-zinc mining area of northern China
title_full_unstemmed Insights into wind-driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead-zinc mining area of northern China
title_short Insights into wind-driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead-zinc mining area of northern China
title_sort insights into wind driven heavy metal pollution and human health risk assessment in a typical lead zinc mining area of northern china
topic Lead-zinc mine
Heavy metals
Health risk
Soil
Semi-arid regions
Vegetable
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2096519225000886
work_keys_str_mv AT zunzhuangke insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina
AT xuehan insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina
AT ranzhou insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina
AT yifeizhang insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina
AT guannanliu insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina
AT changqingzhang insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina
AT zhaoliu insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina
AT xiaosaili insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina
AT wenboli insightsintowinddrivenheavymetalpollutionandhumanhealthriskassessmentinatypicalleadzincminingareaofnorthernchina