Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface Energy
Whilst the significance of substrate topography as a regulator of cell function is well established, a systematic analysis of the principles underlying this is still unavailable. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that surface energy plays a decisive role in substrate-mediated modulation of cell phenot...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Biomaterials |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2393481 |
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| author | Matthias Katschnig Boris Maroh Natascha Andraschek Sandra Schlögl Ulrike Zefferer Elisabeth Bock Gerd Leitinger Christa Trattnig Maria Kaufmann Werner Balika Clemens Holzer Ute Schäfer Silke Patz |
| author_facet | Matthias Katschnig Boris Maroh Natascha Andraschek Sandra Schlögl Ulrike Zefferer Elisabeth Bock Gerd Leitinger Christa Trattnig Maria Kaufmann Werner Balika Clemens Holzer Ute Schäfer Silke Patz |
| author_sort | Matthias Katschnig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Whilst the significance of substrate topography as a regulator of cell function is well established, a systematic analysis of the principles underlying this is still unavailable. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that surface energy plays a decisive role in substrate-mediated modulation of cell phenotype by evaluation of cell behaviour on synthetic microstructures exhibiting pronounced differences in surface energy. These microstructures, specifically cubes and walls, were fabricated from a biocompatible base polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), by variotherm injection molding. The dimensions of the cubes were 1 μm x 1 μm x 1 μm (height x width x length) with a periodicity of 1:1 and 1:5 and the dimensions of the walls 1 μm x 1 μm x 15 mm (height x width x length) with a periodicity of 1:1 and 1:5. Mold inserts were made by lithography and electroplating. The surface energy of the resultant microstructures was determined by static contact angle measurements. Light scanning microscopy of the morphology of NT2/D1 and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells cultured on structured PMMA samples in both cases revealed a profound surface energy dependence. “Walls” appeared to promote significant cell elongation, whilst a lack of cell adhesion was observed on “cubes” with the lowest periodicity. Contact angle measurements on walls revealed enhanced surface energy anisotropy (55 mN/m max., 10 mN/m min.) causing a lengthwise spreading of the test liquid droplet, similar to cell elongation. Surface energy measurements for cubes revealed increased isotropic hydrophobicity (87° max., H2O). A critical water contact angle of ≤ 80° appears to be necessary for adequate cell adhesion. A “switch” for cell adhesion and subsequently cell growth could therefore be applied by, for example, adjusting the periodicity of hydrophobic structures. In summary cell elongation on walls and a critical surface energy level for cell adhesion could be produced for NT2/D1 and MC3T3-E1 cells by symmetrical and asymmetrical energy barrier levels. We, furthermore, propose a water-drop model providing a common physicochemical cause regarding similar cell/droplet geometries and cell adhesion on the investigated microstructures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a1b0ec8df4b94452a02cc6853ec306bf |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8787 1687-8795 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Biomaterials |
| spelling | doaj-art-a1b0ec8df4b94452a02cc6853ec306bf2025-02-03T01:09:54ZengWileyInternational Journal of Biomaterials1687-87871687-87952019-01-01201910.1155/2019/23934812393481Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface EnergyMatthias Katschnig0Boris Maroh1Natascha Andraschek2Sandra Schlögl3Ulrike Zefferer4Elisabeth Bock5Gerd Leitinger6Christa Trattnig7Maria Kaufmann8Werner Balika9Clemens Holzer10Ute Schäfer11Silke Patz12Montanuniversität Leoben, AustriaPolymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, AustriaPolymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, AustriaPolymer Competence Center Leoben GmbH, AustriaResearch Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, AustriaMedical University of Graz, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, AustriaMedical University of Graz, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, AustriaResearch Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, AustriaSTRATEC Consumables GmbH, AustriaSTRATEC Consumables GmbH, AustriaMontanuniversität Leoben, AustriaResearch Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, AustriaResearch Unit for Experimental Neurotraumatology, Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University, Graz, AustriaWhilst the significance of substrate topography as a regulator of cell function is well established, a systematic analysis of the principles underlying this is still unavailable. Here we evaluate the hypothesis that surface energy plays a decisive role in substrate-mediated modulation of cell phenotype by evaluation of cell behaviour on synthetic microstructures exhibiting pronounced differences in surface energy. These microstructures, specifically cubes and walls, were fabricated from a biocompatible base polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate), by variotherm injection molding. The dimensions of the cubes were 1 μm x 1 μm x 1 μm (height x width x length) with a periodicity of 1:1 and 1:5 and the dimensions of the walls 1 μm x 1 μm x 15 mm (height x width x length) with a periodicity of 1:1 and 1:5. Mold inserts were made by lithography and electroplating. The surface energy of the resultant microstructures was determined by static contact angle measurements. Light scanning microscopy of the morphology of NT2/D1 and MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells cultured on structured PMMA samples in both cases revealed a profound surface energy dependence. “Walls” appeared to promote significant cell elongation, whilst a lack of cell adhesion was observed on “cubes” with the lowest periodicity. Contact angle measurements on walls revealed enhanced surface energy anisotropy (55 mN/m max., 10 mN/m min.) causing a lengthwise spreading of the test liquid droplet, similar to cell elongation. Surface energy measurements for cubes revealed increased isotropic hydrophobicity (87° max., H2O). A critical water contact angle of ≤ 80° appears to be necessary for adequate cell adhesion. A “switch” for cell adhesion and subsequently cell growth could therefore be applied by, for example, adjusting the periodicity of hydrophobic structures. In summary cell elongation on walls and a critical surface energy level for cell adhesion could be produced for NT2/D1 and MC3T3-E1 cells by symmetrical and asymmetrical energy barrier levels. We, furthermore, propose a water-drop model providing a common physicochemical cause regarding similar cell/droplet geometries and cell adhesion on the investigated microstructures.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2393481 |
| spellingShingle | Matthias Katschnig Boris Maroh Natascha Andraschek Sandra Schlögl Ulrike Zefferer Elisabeth Bock Gerd Leitinger Christa Trattnig Maria Kaufmann Werner Balika Clemens Holzer Ute Schäfer Silke Patz Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface Energy International Journal of Biomaterials |
| title | Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface Energy |
| title_full | Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface Energy |
| title_fullStr | Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface Energy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface Energy |
| title_short | Cell Morphology on Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microstructures as Function of Surface Energy |
| title_sort | cell morphology on poly methyl methacrylate microstructures as function of surface energy |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2393481 |
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