Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm Oil

High rice consumption levels accompanied by a lifestyle lacking in physical activity leads to obesity and diabetes due to the rice consumed generally has high digestibility and high glycemic index. Red palm oil (RPO) is a vegetable oil suggested to have the potential to reduce starch digestibility a...

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Main Authors: Samsu U. Nurdin, Siti Nurdjanah, Ramadhan Triyandi, Bambang Nurhadi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-01-01
Series:Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3483292
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author Samsu U. Nurdin
Siti Nurdjanah
Ramadhan Triyandi
Bambang Nurhadi
author_facet Samsu U. Nurdin
Siti Nurdjanah
Ramadhan Triyandi
Bambang Nurhadi
author_sort Samsu U. Nurdin
collection DOAJ
description High rice consumption levels accompanied by a lifestyle lacking in physical activity leads to obesity and diabetes due to the rice consumed generally has high digestibility and high glycemic index. Red palm oil (RPO) is a vegetable oil suggested to have the potential to reduce starch digestibility and increase the bioactive compounds of rice. This research aimed to find out the best cooking method to produce rice with a sensory quality similar to regular rice and to study the effect of the best cooking method on the glycemic response and physicochemical properties of rice. The results showed that RPO addition increased the antioxidant activities and total carotenoid levels of rice. The addition of RPO after cooking has better antioxidant activity and total carotenoid than before cooking. Adding 2% RPO before or after cooking produced rice with similar or better sensory quality than regular rice. Rice cooked with 2% RPO added before cooking had a lower glycemic response than regular rice, which was suggested to be caused by the increasing formation of the amylose lipid complex and the triglycerides that protected the starch from amylase enzyme. The formation of the amylose lipid complex and triglyceride layers protecting rice starch was confirmed by the new peaks of the FTIR spectra, the appearance of oil-coated starch morphology, and the changes in the proportion of C and O atoms. In conclusion, the addition of 2% RPO before the cooking process can be considered as a cooking method to produce rice for diabetic patients.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2024-01-01
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series Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
spelling doaj-art-a14d0085b98e4e07b5f91afbc01094e42025-08-20T03:38:34ZengWileyJournal of Nutrition and Metabolism2090-07322024-01-01202410.1155/2024/3483292Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm OilSamsu U. Nurdin0Siti Nurdjanah1Ramadhan Triyandi2Bambang Nurhadi3Department of Agriculture Product TechnologyDepartment of Agriculture Product TechnologyDepartment of PharmacyDepartment of Food TechnologyHigh rice consumption levels accompanied by a lifestyle lacking in physical activity leads to obesity and diabetes due to the rice consumed generally has high digestibility and high glycemic index. Red palm oil (RPO) is a vegetable oil suggested to have the potential to reduce starch digestibility and increase the bioactive compounds of rice. This research aimed to find out the best cooking method to produce rice with a sensory quality similar to regular rice and to study the effect of the best cooking method on the glycemic response and physicochemical properties of rice. The results showed that RPO addition increased the antioxidant activities and total carotenoid levels of rice. The addition of RPO after cooking has better antioxidant activity and total carotenoid than before cooking. Adding 2% RPO before or after cooking produced rice with similar or better sensory quality than regular rice. Rice cooked with 2% RPO added before cooking had a lower glycemic response than regular rice, which was suggested to be caused by the increasing formation of the amylose lipid complex and the triglycerides that protected the starch from amylase enzyme. The formation of the amylose lipid complex and triglyceride layers protecting rice starch was confirmed by the new peaks of the FTIR spectra, the appearance of oil-coated starch morphology, and the changes in the proportion of C and O atoms. In conclusion, the addition of 2% RPO before the cooking process can be considered as a cooking method to produce rice for diabetic patients.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3483292
spellingShingle Samsu U. Nurdin
Siti Nurdjanah
Ramadhan Triyandi
Bambang Nurhadi
Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm Oil
Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism
title Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm Oil
title_full Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm Oil
title_fullStr Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm Oil
title_full_unstemmed Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm Oil
title_short Antioxidant Activity, Glycemic Response, and Functional Properties of Rice Cooked with Red Palm Oil
title_sort antioxidant activity glycemic response and functional properties of rice cooked with red palm oil
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/3483292
work_keys_str_mv AT samsuunurdin antioxidantactivityglycemicresponseandfunctionalpropertiesofricecookedwithredpalmoil
AT sitinurdjanah antioxidantactivityglycemicresponseandfunctionalpropertiesofricecookedwithredpalmoil
AT ramadhantriyandi antioxidantactivityglycemicresponseandfunctionalpropertiesofricecookedwithredpalmoil
AT bambangnurhadi antioxidantactivityglycemicresponseandfunctionalpropertiesofricecookedwithredpalmoil