Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like Cells
Vernonia zeylanica, is a shrub endemic to Sri Lanka. V. zeylanica has been used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases and conditions. The present study was designed to determine antiproliferative, apoptotic, autophagic, and antioxidant effects of vernolactone, isol...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Stem Cells International |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6907893 |
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| author | Nuwanka K. Abeysinghe Ira Thabrew Sameera R. Samarakoon Meran K. Ediriweera Kamani H. Tennekoon Varuni P. C. Pathiranage Anuka S. Mendis |
| author_facet | Nuwanka K. Abeysinghe Ira Thabrew Sameera R. Samarakoon Meran K. Ediriweera Kamani H. Tennekoon Varuni P. C. Pathiranage Anuka S. Mendis |
| author_sort | Nuwanka K. Abeysinghe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vernonia zeylanica, is a shrub endemic to Sri Lanka. V. zeylanica has been used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases and conditions. The present study was designed to determine antiproliferative, apoptotic, autophagic, and antioxidant effects of vernolactone, isolated from V. zeylanica, in human embryonal carcinoma cells (NTERA-2, a cancer stem cell model). Antiproliferative effects of vernolactone in NTERA-2 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (control cells) were evaluated using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and WST-1 antiproliferative assays, respectively. The antiproliferative effect of vernolactone was further investigated using the colony formation assay. Effects of vernolactone on apoptosis were investigated by phase contrast light microscopic and fluorescence microscopic analysis, caspase 3/7 expression, and real-time PCR of apoptosis-associated genes p53 and Survivin. The effect of vernolactone on NTERA-2 cell migration was monitored using the wound healing assay. Effects of vernolactone on the expression of autophagy-related genes (LC3, Beclin 1, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR) were evaluated using real-time PCR. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were also carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of vernolactone. Overall results confirm that vernolactone can exert antiproliferative effects, induce apoptosis and autophagy, and decrease NTERA-2 cell migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a very small antioxidant property. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a1299edcaf5042b7a7b5ddffb1ea0550 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-966X 1687-9678 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Stem Cells International |
| spelling | doaj-art-a1299edcaf5042b7a7b5ddffb1ea05502025-02-03T01:00:22ZengWileyStem Cells International1687-966X1687-96782019-01-01201910.1155/2019/69078936907893Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like CellsNuwanka K. Abeysinghe0Ira Thabrew1Sameera R. Samarakoon2Meran K. Ediriweera3Kamani H. Tennekoon4Varuni P. C. Pathiranage5Anuka S. Mendis6Institute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri LankaInstitute of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IBMBB), University of Colombo, No. 90, Cumaratunga Munidasa Mawatha, Colombo 03, Sri LankaVernonia zeylanica, is a shrub endemic to Sri Lanka. V. zeylanica has been used in Sri Lankan traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases and conditions. The present study was designed to determine antiproliferative, apoptotic, autophagic, and antioxidant effects of vernolactone, isolated from V. zeylanica, in human embryonal carcinoma cells (NTERA-2, a cancer stem cell model). Antiproliferative effects of vernolactone in NTERA-2 cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (control cells) were evaluated using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay and WST-1 antiproliferative assays, respectively. The antiproliferative effect of vernolactone was further investigated using the colony formation assay. Effects of vernolactone on apoptosis were investigated by phase contrast light microscopic and fluorescence microscopic analysis, caspase 3/7 expression, and real-time PCR of apoptosis-associated genes p53 and Survivin. The effect of vernolactone on NTERA-2 cell migration was monitored using the wound healing assay. Effects of vernolactone on the expression of autophagy-related genes (LC3, Beclin 1, PI3K, Akt, and mTOR) were evaluated using real-time PCR. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays were also carried out to evaluate the antioxidant activity of vernolactone. Overall results confirm that vernolactone can exert antiproliferative effects, induce apoptosis and autophagy, and decrease NTERA-2 cell migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner with a very small antioxidant property.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6907893 |
| spellingShingle | Nuwanka K. Abeysinghe Ira Thabrew Sameera R. Samarakoon Meran K. Ediriweera Kamani H. Tennekoon Varuni P. C. Pathiranage Anuka S. Mendis Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like Cells Stem Cells International |
| title | Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like Cells |
| title_full | Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like Cells |
| title_fullStr | Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like Cells |
| title_short | Vernolactone Promotes Apoptosis and Autophagy in Human Teratocarcinomal (NTERA-2) Cancer Stem-Like Cells |
| title_sort | vernolactone promotes apoptosis and autophagy in human teratocarcinomal ntera 2 cancer stem like cells |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6907893 |
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