Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is in its sixth year and is being maintained by the inability of current spike-alone-based COVID-19 vaccines to prevent transmission leading to the continuous emergence of variants and sub-variants of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/30 |
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| author | Aziz A. Chentoufi Jeffrey B. Ulmer Lbachir BenMohamed |
| author_facet | Aziz A. Chentoufi Jeffrey B. Ulmer Lbachir BenMohamed |
| author_sort | Aziz A. Chentoufi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is in its sixth year and is being maintained by the inability of current spike-alone-based COVID-19 vaccines to prevent transmission leading to the continuous emergence of variants and sub-variants of concern (VOCs). This underscores the critical need for next-generation broad-spectrum pan-Coronavirus vaccines (pan-CoV vaccine) to break this cycle and end the pandemic. The development of a pan-CoV vaccine offering protection against a wide array of VOCs requires two key elements: (1) identifying protective antigens that are highly conserved between passed, current, and future VOCs; and (2) developing a safe and efficient antigen delivery system for induction of broad-based and long-lasting B- and T-cell immunity. This review will (1) present the current state of antigen delivery platforms involving a multifaceted approach, including bioinformatics, molecular and structural biology, immunology, and advanced computational methods; (2) discuss the challenges facing the development of safe and effective antigen delivery platforms; and (3) highlight the potential of nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) as the platform that is well suited to the needs of a next-generation pan-CoV vaccine, such as the ability to induce broad-based immunity and amenable to large-scale manufacturing to safely provide durable protective immunity against current and future Coronavirus threats. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a11e1f1ebac84f9fa405a802868387fa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj-art-a11e1f1ebac84f9fa405a802868387fa2025-01-24T13:51:43ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-12-011313010.3390/vaccines13010030Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus VaccinesAziz A. Chentoufi0Jeffrey B. Ulmer1Lbachir BenMohamed2Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune, LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660, USALaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USAThe COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is in its sixth year and is being maintained by the inability of current spike-alone-based COVID-19 vaccines to prevent transmission leading to the continuous emergence of variants and sub-variants of concern (VOCs). This underscores the critical need for next-generation broad-spectrum pan-Coronavirus vaccines (pan-CoV vaccine) to break this cycle and end the pandemic. The development of a pan-CoV vaccine offering protection against a wide array of VOCs requires two key elements: (1) identifying protective antigens that are highly conserved between passed, current, and future VOCs; and (2) developing a safe and efficient antigen delivery system for induction of broad-based and long-lasting B- and T-cell immunity. This review will (1) present the current state of antigen delivery platforms involving a multifaceted approach, including bioinformatics, molecular and structural biology, immunology, and advanced computational methods; (2) discuss the challenges facing the development of safe and effective antigen delivery platforms; and (3) highlight the potential of nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) as the platform that is well suited to the needs of a next-generation pan-CoV vaccine, such as the ability to induce broad-based immunity and amenable to large-scale manufacturing to safely provide durable protective immunity against current and future Coronavirus threats.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/30antigen delivery systemantigen delivery platformSARS-CoV-2pan-Coronavirus vaccinemRNAsrRNA |
| spellingShingle | Aziz A. Chentoufi Jeffrey B. Ulmer Lbachir BenMohamed Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines Vaccines antigen delivery system antigen delivery platform SARS-CoV-2 pan-Coronavirus vaccine mRNA srRNA |
| title | Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines |
| title_full | Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines |
| title_fullStr | Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines |
| title_short | Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines |
| title_sort | antigen delivery platforms for next generation coronavirus vaccines |
| topic | antigen delivery system antigen delivery platform SARS-CoV-2 pan-Coronavirus vaccine mRNA srRNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/13/1/30 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT azizachentoufi antigendeliveryplatformsfornextgenerationcoronavirusvaccines AT jeffreybulmer antigendeliveryplatformsfornextgenerationcoronavirusvaccines AT lbachirbenmohamed antigendeliveryplatformsfornextgenerationcoronavirusvaccines |