Searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at (g − 2) μ ’s lattice-vs-dispersion front

Abstract The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (a μ ) provides a stringent test of the quantum nature of the Standard Model (SM) and its extensions. To probe beyond the SM physics, one needs to be able to subtract the SM contributions, which consists of a non-perturbative part, namely, the hadro...

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Main Authors: Kaustubh Agashe, Abhishek Banerjee, Minyuan Jiang, Shmuel Nussinov, Kushan Panchal, Srijit Paul, Gilad Perez, Yotam Soreq
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2025)161
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author Kaustubh Agashe
Abhishek Banerjee
Minyuan Jiang
Shmuel Nussinov
Kushan Panchal
Srijit Paul
Gilad Perez
Yotam Soreq
author_facet Kaustubh Agashe
Abhishek Banerjee
Minyuan Jiang
Shmuel Nussinov
Kushan Panchal
Srijit Paul
Gilad Perez
Yotam Soreq
author_sort Kaustubh Agashe
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (a μ ) provides a stringent test of the quantum nature of the Standard Model (SM) and its extensions. To probe beyond the SM physics, one needs to be able to subtract the SM contributions, which consists of a non-perturbative part, namely, the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) of the photon. The state of the art is to predominantly use two different methods to extract this HVP: lattice computation, and dispersion relation-based, data-driven method. Thus one can construct different forms of the “a μ test” which compares the precise measurement of a μ to its theory prediction. Additionally, this opens the possibility for another subtle test, where these two “theory” predictions themselves are compared against each other, which is denoted as the “HVP-test”. This test is particularly sensitive to hadronic scale new physics. Therefore, in this work, we consider an SM extension consisting of a generic, light ~ (100 MeV – 1 GeV) vector boson and study its impact on both tests. We develop a comprehensive formalism for this purpose. We find that in the case of data-driven HVP being used in the a μ test, the new physics contributions effectively cancel for a flavor-universal vector boson. As an illustration of these general results, we consider two benchmark models: i) the dark photon (A ′) and ii) a gauge boson coupled to baryon-number (B). Using a combination of these tests, we are able to constrain the parameter space of B and A ′, complementarily to the existing limits. As a spin-off, our preliminary analysis of the spectrum of the invariant mass of 3π in events with ISR at the B− factories (BaBar, Belle) manifests the value of such a study in searching for B → 3π decay, thus motivating a dedicated search by experimental collaborations.
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spelling doaj-art-a0f308a8d5f741d5b7788cfa43aa424f2025-08-24T11:04:46ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-08-012025814310.1007/JHEP08(2025)161Searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at (g − 2) μ ’s lattice-vs-dispersion frontKaustubh Agashe0Abhishek Banerjee1Minyuan Jiang2Shmuel Nussinov3Kushan Panchal4Srijit Paul5Gilad Perez6Yotam Soreq7Maryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of MarylandMaryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of MarylandDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYTel Aviv UniversityMaryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of MarylandMaryland Center for Fundamental Physics, University of MarylandDepartment of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of SciencePhysics Department, Technion — Israel Institute of TechnologyAbstract The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon (a μ ) provides a stringent test of the quantum nature of the Standard Model (SM) and its extensions. To probe beyond the SM physics, one needs to be able to subtract the SM contributions, which consists of a non-perturbative part, namely, the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) of the photon. The state of the art is to predominantly use two different methods to extract this HVP: lattice computation, and dispersion relation-based, data-driven method. Thus one can construct different forms of the “a μ test” which compares the precise measurement of a μ to its theory prediction. Additionally, this opens the possibility for another subtle test, where these two “theory” predictions themselves are compared against each other, which is denoted as the “HVP-test”. This test is particularly sensitive to hadronic scale new physics. Therefore, in this work, we consider an SM extension consisting of a generic, light ~ (100 MeV – 1 GeV) vector boson and study its impact on both tests. We develop a comprehensive formalism for this purpose. We find that in the case of data-driven HVP being used in the a μ test, the new physics contributions effectively cancel for a flavor-universal vector boson. As an illustration of these general results, we consider two benchmark models: i) the dark photon (A ′) and ii) a gauge boson coupled to baryon-number (B). Using a combination of these tests, we are able to constrain the parameter space of B and A ′, complementarily to the existing limits. As a spin-off, our preliminary analysis of the spectrum of the invariant mass of 3π in events with ISR at the B− factories (BaBar, Belle) manifests the value of such a study in searching for B → 3π decay, thus motivating a dedicated search by experimental collaborations.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2025)161New Gauge InteractionsNew Light ParticlesStandard Model Parameters
spellingShingle Kaustubh Agashe
Abhishek Banerjee
Minyuan Jiang
Shmuel Nussinov
Kushan Panchal
Srijit Paul
Gilad Perez
Yotam Soreq
Searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at (g − 2) μ ’s lattice-vs-dispersion front
Journal of High Energy Physics
New Gauge Interactions
New Light Particles
Standard Model Parameters
title Searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at (g − 2) μ ’s lattice-vs-dispersion front
title_full Searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at (g − 2) μ ’s lattice-vs-dispersion front
title_fullStr Searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at (g − 2) μ ’s lattice-vs-dispersion front
title_full_unstemmed Searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at (g − 2) μ ’s lattice-vs-dispersion front
title_short Searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at (g − 2) μ ’s lattice-vs-dispersion front
title_sort searching for hadronic scale baryonic and dark forces at g 2 μ s lattice vs dispersion front
topic New Gauge Interactions
New Light Particles
Standard Model Parameters
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2025)161
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