Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae family

IntroductionSatellite DNA (satDNA) is a rapidly evolving component of plant genomes, typically found in (peri)centromeric, (sub)telomeric, and other heterochromatic regions. Due to their variability and species- or population-specific distribution, satDNA serves as valuable cytogenetic markers for s...

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Main Authors: Lucie Horáková, Václav Bačovský, Radim Čegan, Bohuslav Janoušek, Josef Patzak, Roman Hobza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Plant Science
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1631369/full
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author Lucie Horáková
Lucie Horáková
Václav Bačovský
Radim Čegan
Bohuslav Janoušek
Josef Patzak
Roman Hobza
author_facet Lucie Horáková
Lucie Horáková
Václav Bačovský
Radim Čegan
Bohuslav Janoušek
Josef Patzak
Roman Hobza
author_sort Lucie Horáková
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionSatellite DNA (satDNA) is a rapidly evolving component of plant genomes, typically found in (peri)centromeric, (sub)telomeric, and other heterochromatic regions. Due to their variability and species- or population-specific distribution, satDNA serves as valuable cytogenetic markers for studying chromosomal rearrangements and karyotype evolution among closely related species. Previous studies have identified species-specific subtelomeric repeats CS-1 in Cannabis sativa, HSR1 in Humulus lupulus, and HJSR in Humulus japonicus. These satellites have been used to differentiate sex chromosomes from autosomes, however, their evolutionary origins, sequence variation and conservation pattern across related species remain largely unexplored.MethodsIn this study, we analyze sequence similarity among these satellites and assess their interspecific chromosomal localization using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).ResultsOur results reveal that the HSR1 and HJSR satellites are shared across all studied species, suggesting their common origin from a shared pool of satDNA in their common ancestor. In contrast, the CS-1 satellite exhibits higher sequence divergence.DiscussionAlthough all three satellites are predominantly localized in subtelomeric regions, we identified species-specific exceptions. These findings provide new insight into the evolutionary dynamics of satDNA within the Cannabaceae family and offer further support for the divergence of Humulus species.
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spelling doaj-art-a0e5f86fd09745108cee03ba4c37e62b2025-08-20T14:33:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2025-08-011610.3389/fpls.2025.16313691631369Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae familyLucie Horáková0Lucie Horáková1Václav Bačovský2Radim Čegan3Bohuslav Janoušek4Josef Patzak5Roman Hobza6Department of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, CzechiaDepartment of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, CzechiaDepartment of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, CzechiaDepartment of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, CzechiaDepartment of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, CzechiaHop Research Institute Co. Ltd., Žatec, CzechiaDepartment of Plant Developmental Genetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, CzechiaIntroductionSatellite DNA (satDNA) is a rapidly evolving component of plant genomes, typically found in (peri)centromeric, (sub)telomeric, and other heterochromatic regions. Due to their variability and species- or population-specific distribution, satDNA serves as valuable cytogenetic markers for studying chromosomal rearrangements and karyotype evolution among closely related species. Previous studies have identified species-specific subtelomeric repeats CS-1 in Cannabis sativa, HSR1 in Humulus lupulus, and HJSR in Humulus japonicus. These satellites have been used to differentiate sex chromosomes from autosomes, however, their evolutionary origins, sequence variation and conservation pattern across related species remain largely unexplored.MethodsIn this study, we analyze sequence similarity among these satellites and assess their interspecific chromosomal localization using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).ResultsOur results reveal that the HSR1 and HJSR satellites are shared across all studied species, suggesting their common origin from a shared pool of satDNA in their common ancestor. In contrast, the CS-1 satellite exhibits higher sequence divergence.DiscussionAlthough all three satellites are predominantly localized in subtelomeric regions, we identified species-specific exceptions. These findings provide new insight into the evolutionary dynamics of satDNA within the Cannabaceae family and offer further support for the divergence of Humulus species.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1631369/fullsubtelomeric repeatsHumulussatellite divergencephylogeneticsmetaphase chromosomes
spellingShingle Lucie Horáková
Lucie Horáková
Václav Bačovský
Radim Čegan
Bohuslav Janoušek
Josef Patzak
Roman Hobza
Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae family
Frontiers in Plant Science
subtelomeric repeats
Humulus
satellite divergence
phylogenetics
metaphase chromosomes
title Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae family
title_full Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae family
title_fullStr Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae family
title_full_unstemmed Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae family
title_short Contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the Cannabaceae family
title_sort contrasting pattern of subtelomeric satellites in the cannabaceae family
topic subtelomeric repeats
Humulus
satellite divergence
phylogenetics
metaphase chromosomes
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2025.1631369/full
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