Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed Reactor
Energy is a fundamental factor for civilization development and sustainability. However, energy sources are dominated by non-renewable fractions, such as fossil fuels. Renewable biomass is projected to be a future fuel source. Spirulina platensis (SP) has numerous advantages compared to other biomas...
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Universitas Negeri Malang
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/jmest/article/view/52726 |
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| author | Ahmad Yusril Aminullah Sukarni Sukarni Retno Wulandari Muhammad Shahbaz |
| author_facet | Ahmad Yusril Aminullah Sukarni Sukarni Retno Wulandari Muhammad Shahbaz |
| author_sort | Ahmad Yusril Aminullah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Energy is a fundamental factor for civilization development and sustainability. However, energy sources are dominated by non-renewable fractions, such as fossil fuels. Renewable biomass is projected to be a future fuel source. Spirulina platensis (SP) has numerous advantages compared to other biomass, and it is considered 3rd generation biomass that does not interfere with food and land usage and has a relatively low main decomposition temperature at 325.7℃. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to observe SP kinetics parameters, especially activation energy. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), and Starink iso-conversional methods reveal that SP has an activation energy of 152.33, 154.56, and 152.78 kJ/mol, respectively. The coefficient correlation (R2) of OFW is the highest compared to its counterpart at 0.9918. Non-condensable gas (H2, CH4, and CO2) product distribution is characterized using a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. The average concentrations of H2, CH4, and CO2 are 3775.2, 83792.19, and 23592.58 ppm, in that order. H2 production is linked with carbohydrates and protein decomposition. CH4 yield heavily depends on protein degradation, followed by carbohydrates and lipids. CO2 yield mainly originated from carbohydrate cracking. The optimum SP pyrolysis temperature is 310—370℃ based on its non-condensable gas yield, TGA result, OFW kinetics method, and thermodynamics parameter, where it has relatively low activation energy (139.29 kJ/mol) accompanied by a significant increase of non-condensable-gas-production. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a0dce72f73b2410391eb87e2c6eba633 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2580-0817 2580-2402 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Universitas Negeri Malang |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a0dce72f73b2410391eb87e2c6eba6332025-02-04T00:25:57ZengUniversitas Negeri MalangJournal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology2580-08172580-24022024-07-018115116710.17977/um016v8i12024p15111665Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed ReactorAhmad Yusril Aminullah0Sukarni Sukarni1Retno Wulandari2Muhammad Shahbaz3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang (Scopus Id. 56469591700, H-Index = 9), IndonesiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Malang, IndonesiaTeesside University, Middlesbrough United KingdomEnergy is a fundamental factor for civilization development and sustainability. However, energy sources are dominated by non-renewable fractions, such as fossil fuels. Renewable biomass is projected to be a future fuel source. Spirulina platensis (SP) has numerous advantages compared to other biomass, and it is considered 3rd generation biomass that does not interfere with food and land usage and has a relatively low main decomposition temperature at 325.7℃. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was conducted to observe SP kinetics parameters, especially activation energy. Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Ozawa-Flynn-Wall (OFW), and Starink iso-conversional methods reveal that SP has an activation energy of 152.33, 154.56, and 152.78 kJ/mol, respectively. The coefficient correlation (R2) of OFW is the highest compared to its counterpart at 0.9918. Non-condensable gas (H2, CH4, and CO2) product distribution is characterized using a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor. The average concentrations of H2, CH4, and CO2 are 3775.2, 83792.19, and 23592.58 ppm, in that order. H2 production is linked with carbohydrates and protein decomposition. CH4 yield heavily depends on protein degradation, followed by carbohydrates and lipids. CO2 yield mainly originated from carbohydrate cracking. The optimum SP pyrolysis temperature is 310—370℃ based on its non-condensable gas yield, TGA result, OFW kinetics method, and thermodynamics parameter, where it has relatively low activation energy (139.29 kJ/mol) accompanied by a significant increase of non-condensable-gas-production.https://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/jmest/article/view/52726iso-conversional, kinetics, non-condensable gas, pyrolysis, spirulina platensis |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Yusril Aminullah Sukarni Sukarni Retno Wulandari Muhammad Shahbaz Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed Reactor Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology iso-conversional, kinetics, non-condensable gas, pyrolysis, spirulina platensis |
| title | Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed Reactor |
| title_full | Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed Reactor |
| title_fullStr | Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed Reactor |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed Reactor |
| title_short | Pyrolysis Kinetics of Spirulina platensis and Non-condensable Gas Product Distribution in a Fixed-Bed Reactor |
| title_sort | pyrolysis kinetics of spirulina platensis and non condensable gas product distribution in a fixed bed reactor |
| topic | iso-conversional, kinetics, non-condensable gas, pyrolysis, spirulina platensis |
| url | https://journal2.um.ac.id/index.php/jmest/article/view/52726 |
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