Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response
The immunopeptidome, a diverse set of peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, is a critical component of immune recognition and response. This review article delves into the mechanisms of peptide presentation by MHC molecules, particularly emphasizing the roles of ncR...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1540431/full |
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| author | Arpita Balakrishnan Arpita Balakrishnan Gabriela Winiarek Olga Hołówka Jakub Godlewski Agnieszka Bronisz |
| author_facet | Arpita Balakrishnan Arpita Balakrishnan Gabriela Winiarek Olga Hołówka Jakub Godlewski Agnieszka Bronisz |
| author_sort | Arpita Balakrishnan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The immunopeptidome, a diverse set of peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, is a critical component of immune recognition and response. This review article delves into the mechanisms of peptide presentation by MHC molecules, particularly emphasizing the roles of ncRNA-derived peptides and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in shaping the immunopeptidome landscape. We explore established and emerging insights into MHC molecule interactions with peptides, including the dynamics of peptide loading, transport, and the influence of cellular and genetic variations. The article highlights novel research on non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-derived peptides, which challenge conventional views of antigen processing and presentation and the role of EVs in transporting these peptides, thereby modulating immune responses at remote body sites. This novel research not only challenges conventional views but also opens up new avenues for understanding immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these mechanisms in developing therapeutic strategies, particularly for cancer immunotherapy. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of current literature and advanced methodologies in immunopeptidomics, this review aims to deepen the understanding of the complex interplay between MHC peptide presentation and the immune system, offering new perspectives on potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Additionally, the interactions between ncRNA-derived peptides and EVs provide a mechanism for the enhanced surface presentation of these peptides and highlight a novel pathway for their systemic distribution, potentially altering immune surveillance and therapeutic landscapes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a0960bf1ea16473f857a30422befff63 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj-art-a0960bf1ea16473f857a30422befff632025-01-29T06:45:58ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242025-01-011610.3389/fimmu.2025.15404311540431Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune responseArpita Balakrishnan0Arpita Balakrishnan1Gabriela Winiarek2Olga Hołówka3Jakub Godlewski4Agnieszka Bronisz5Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandTranslational Medicine Doctoral School, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Warsaw, PolandTumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandTumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandDepartment of NeuroOncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandTumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, PolandThe immunopeptidome, a diverse set of peptides presented by Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules, is a critical component of immune recognition and response. This review article delves into the mechanisms of peptide presentation by MHC molecules, particularly emphasizing the roles of ncRNA-derived peptides and extracellular vesicles (EVs) in shaping the immunopeptidome landscape. We explore established and emerging insights into MHC molecule interactions with peptides, including the dynamics of peptide loading, transport, and the influence of cellular and genetic variations. The article highlights novel research on non-coding RNA (ncRNA)-derived peptides, which challenge conventional views of antigen processing and presentation and the role of EVs in transporting these peptides, thereby modulating immune responses at remote body sites. This novel research not only challenges conventional views but also opens up new avenues for understanding immune responses. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these mechanisms in developing therapeutic strategies, particularly for cancer immunotherapy. By conducting a comprehensive analysis of current literature and advanced methodologies in immunopeptidomics, this review aims to deepen the understanding of the complex interplay between MHC peptide presentation and the immune system, offering new perspectives on potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Additionally, the interactions between ncRNA-derived peptides and EVs provide a mechanism for the enhanced surface presentation of these peptides and highlight a novel pathway for their systemic distribution, potentially altering immune surveillance and therapeutic landscapes.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1540431/fullimmunopeptidomeMHC moleculesncRNA-Derived peptidesextracellular vesicles (EVs)cancer immunotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Arpita Balakrishnan Arpita Balakrishnan Gabriela Winiarek Olga Hołówka Jakub Godlewski Agnieszka Bronisz Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response Frontiers in Immunology immunopeptidome MHC molecules ncRNA-Derived peptides extracellular vesicles (EVs) cancer immunotherapy |
| title | Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response |
| title_full | Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response |
| title_fullStr | Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response |
| title_short | Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response |
| title_sort | unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome mhc molecules ncrna peptides and vesicles in immune response |
| topic | immunopeptidome MHC molecules ncRNA-Derived peptides extracellular vesicles (EVs) cancer immunotherapy |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1540431/full |
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