Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)
Society is becoming more demanding with aquaculture’s environmental footprint and animal wellbeing. In order to potentially mitigate these concerns, feed formulations could be based on eco-efficient (circular economy-driven) or organic ingredients. This study aimed to investigate the growth performa...
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MDPI AG
2024-09-01
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| author | Rodrigo Mendes Paulo Rema Jorge Dias Ana Teresa Gonçalves Rita Teodósio Sofia Engrola Francisco J. Sánchez-Vázquez Luís E. C. Conceição |
| author_facet | Rodrigo Mendes Paulo Rema Jorge Dias Ana Teresa Gonçalves Rita Teodósio Sofia Engrola Francisco J. Sánchez-Vázquez Luís E. C. Conceição |
| author_sort | Rodrigo Mendes |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Society is becoming more demanding with aquaculture’s environmental footprint and animal wellbeing. In order to potentially mitigate these concerns, feed formulations could be based on eco-efficient (circular economy-driven) or organic ingredients. This study aimed to investigate the growth performance, feed utilization, and health status of juvenile Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) when fed with such feeds. The growth trial lasted for 8 weeks, and fish had an initial weight of 31.0 ± 0.5 g (mean ± SD). Fish were fed until visual satiation, in quadruplicate, with one of three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental feeds: a commercial-like feed without fishmeal (PD), a diet based on ingredients compatible with organic certification (ORG), or a feed formulated using circular economy-driven subproducts and emergent ingredients (ECO). Fish fed ECO showed a tendency for decreased feed intake, while ORG fish significantly reduced their intake compared to those fed PD. Consequently, fish fed ECO (62.7 ± 5.4 g) exhibited almost half the growth than those fed PD (107.8 ± 6.1 g), while ORG fish almost did not increase their weight (32.7 ± 1.3 g). ECO and ORG diets had a lower digestibility for protein, lipid, and energy when compared to PD. Feed utilization of fish fed ECO or ORG was also lower than those fed PD. From the health-related genes analyzed, only glutathione reductase (<i>gsr</i>) showed statistically significant differences, being more expressed in fish-fed ECO than those fed PD. Thus, even when such novel formulations induced extreme effects on voluntary feed intake, their impact was noted only in fish growth, but not in robustness. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a01f6a7f232643c882582ec36b92283e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2410-3888 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fishes |
| spelling | doaj-art-a01f6a7f232643c882582ec36b92283e2025-08-20T01:55:27ZengMDPI AGFishes2410-38882024-09-019936110.3390/fishes9090361Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)Rodrigo Mendes0Paulo Rema1Jorge Dias2Ana Teresa Gonçalves3Rita Teodósio4Sofia Engrola5Francisco J. Sánchez-Vázquez6Luís E. C. Conceição7Sparos Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, PortugalDepartamento de Zootécnia, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801 Vila Real, PortugalSparos Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, PortugalSparos Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, PortugalCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalCentre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, PortugalDepartamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Biologia, Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, SpainSparos Lda., Área Empresarial de Marim, Lote C, 8700-221 Olhão, PortugalSociety is becoming more demanding with aquaculture’s environmental footprint and animal wellbeing. In order to potentially mitigate these concerns, feed formulations could be based on eco-efficient (circular economy-driven) or organic ingredients. This study aimed to investigate the growth performance, feed utilization, and health status of juvenile Nile tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) when fed with such feeds. The growth trial lasted for 8 weeks, and fish had an initial weight of 31.0 ± 0.5 g (mean ± SD). Fish were fed until visual satiation, in quadruplicate, with one of three isonitrogenous and isoenergetic experimental feeds: a commercial-like feed without fishmeal (PD), a diet based on ingredients compatible with organic certification (ORG), or a feed formulated using circular economy-driven subproducts and emergent ingredients (ECO). Fish fed ECO showed a tendency for decreased feed intake, while ORG fish significantly reduced their intake compared to those fed PD. Consequently, fish fed ECO (62.7 ± 5.4 g) exhibited almost half the growth than those fed PD (107.8 ± 6.1 g), while ORG fish almost did not increase their weight (32.7 ± 1.3 g). ECO and ORG diets had a lower digestibility for protein, lipid, and energy when compared to PD. Feed utilization of fish fed ECO or ORG was also lower than those fed PD. From the health-related genes analyzed, only glutathione reductase (<i>gsr</i>) showed statistically significant differences, being more expressed in fish-fed ECO than those fed PD. Thus, even when such novel formulations induced extreme effects on voluntary feed intake, their impact was noted only in fish growth, but not in robustness.https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/9/361feed intakepalatabilityeco-efficient feedsorganic feedsfish welfareNile tilapia |
| spellingShingle | Rodrigo Mendes Paulo Rema Jorge Dias Ana Teresa Gonçalves Rita Teodósio Sofia Engrola Francisco J. Sánchez-Vázquez Luís E. C. Conceição Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) Fishes feed intake palatability eco-efficient feeds organic feeds fish welfare Nile tilapia |
| title | Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_full | Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_short | Socially Acceptable Feed Formulations May Impact the Voluntary Feed Intake and Growth, but Not Robustness of Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) |
| title_sort | socially acceptable feed formulations may impact the voluntary feed intake and growth but not robustness of nile tilapia i oreochromis niloticus i |
| topic | feed intake palatability eco-efficient feeds organic feeds fish welfare Nile tilapia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2410-3888/9/9/361 |
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