Association between Non-nutritive sucking habits and Anterior open bite: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Objective Determine the association between nun-nutritive sucking habits and anterior open bite in children. Materials and methods This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic searched of four databases was conducted through the end of February 2025....
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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-07-01
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| Series: | BMC Oral Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06040-z |
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| Summary: | Abstract Objective Determine the association between nun-nutritive sucking habits and anterior open bite in children. Materials and methods This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA guidelines. A systematic searched of four databases was conducted through the end of February 2025. Study designs included observational and interventional studies. Nun-nutritive sucking habits was evaluated in three categories: (1) ever versus never; (2) longer periods versus shorter periods; (3) daily versus not daily. We considered anterior open bite as the outcome. Based on meta-analyses, the pooled adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were calculated. We assessed heterogeneity with both Q-test and I-square. An assessment of publication bias was conducted using funnel plots and Egger's test. Result Thirty three studies were included in this meta-analysis. We found that NNSH (eg, pacifier sucking and digit sucking) was associated with varying risks of developing anterior open bite (p < 0.01). Children with longer non-nutritive habits (for example, pacifier sucking and digit sucking) had a greater risk of developing anterior open bite than those with shorter habits. (p < 0.05) In addition, daily pacifier user has been linked to increased risk of developing anterior open bites. [N = 3, OR = 10.22 (5.36,19.49), p < 0.05]. Conclusion In conclusion, prolonged and daily non-nutritive sucking habits, such as pacifier and digit sucking, are associated with a significantly increased risk of anterior open bite in children. Clinical relevance Thus, this study provides clinical support on early orthodontic treatment of AOB to inform preventative and management strategies. |
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| ISSN: | 1472-6831 |