On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids

Abstract Plant history is characterized by cyclical whole genome duplication and diploidization with important biological and ecological consequences. Here, we explore the genome history of two related iconic polyploid grasses (Sporobolus alterniflorus and S. maritimus), involved in a well-known exa...

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Main Authors: Armel Salmon, Yan Hao, Morgane Milin, Oscar Lima, Armand Cavé-Radet, Delphine Giraud, Corinne Cruaud, Karine Labadie, Benjamin Istace, Caroline Belser, Jean-Marc Aury, Patrick Wincker, Bo Li, Lin-Feng Li, Malika Ainouche
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56983-8
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author Armel Salmon
Yan Hao
Morgane Milin
Oscar Lima
Armand Cavé-Radet
Delphine Giraud
Corinne Cruaud
Karine Labadie
Benjamin Istace
Caroline Belser
Jean-Marc Aury
Patrick Wincker
Bo Li
Lin-Feng Li
Malika Ainouche
author_facet Armel Salmon
Yan Hao
Morgane Milin
Oscar Lima
Armand Cavé-Radet
Delphine Giraud
Corinne Cruaud
Karine Labadie
Benjamin Istace
Caroline Belser
Jean-Marc Aury
Patrick Wincker
Bo Li
Lin-Feng Li
Malika Ainouche
author_sort Armel Salmon
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Plant history is characterized by cyclical whole genome duplication and diploidization with important biological and ecological consequences. Here, we explore the genome history of two related iconic polyploid grasses (Sporobolus alterniflorus and S. maritimus), involved in a well-known example of neopolyploid speciation. We report particular genome dynamics where an ancestral Sporobolus genome (n = 2x = 20) duplicated 9.6-24.4 million years ago (MYA), which was followed by descending dysploidy resulting in a genome with an unexpected base chromosome number (n = 15). This diploidized genome duplicated again 2.1-6.2 MYA to form a tetraploid lineage (2n = 4x = 60), thus reshuffling the ploidy of these species previously thought hexaploids. We also elucidate the mechanism accompanying the speciation between S. maritimus (2n = 60) and S. alterniflorus (2n = 62), resulting from chromosome restructuring, and identify key adaptive genes in the corresponding regions. This represents critical findings to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying species expansion, adaptation to environmental challenge and invasiveness.
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spelling doaj-art-9f876ba9c2b44e40bf2edfdbb9b46b0c2025-08-20T02:16:49ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-02-0116111310.1038/s41467-025-56983-8On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploidsArmel Salmon0Yan Hao1Morgane Milin2Oscar Lima3Armand Cavé-Radet4Delphine Giraud5Corinne Cruaud6Karine Labadie7Benjamin Istace8Caroline Belser9Jean-Marc Aury10Patrick Wincker11Bo Li12Lin-Feng Li13Malika Ainouche14UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO University of Rennes, Campus de BeaulieuState Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityUMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO University of Rennes, Campus de BeaulieuUMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO University of Rennes, Campus de BeaulieuUMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO University of Rennes, Campus de BeaulieuUMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO University of Rennes, Campus de BeaulieuGenoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-SaclayGenoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-SaclayGénomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-SaclayGénomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-SaclayGénomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-SaclayGénomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris-SaclayState Key Laboratory of Wetland Conservation and Restoration, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan UniversityState Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen UniversityUMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO University of Rennes, Campus de BeaulieuAbstract Plant history is characterized by cyclical whole genome duplication and diploidization with important biological and ecological consequences. Here, we explore the genome history of two related iconic polyploid grasses (Sporobolus alterniflorus and S. maritimus), involved in a well-known example of neopolyploid speciation. We report particular genome dynamics where an ancestral Sporobolus genome (n = 2x = 20) duplicated 9.6-24.4 million years ago (MYA), which was followed by descending dysploidy resulting in a genome with an unexpected base chromosome number (n = 15). This diploidized genome duplicated again 2.1-6.2 MYA to form a tetraploid lineage (2n = 4x = 60), thus reshuffling the ploidy of these species previously thought hexaploids. We also elucidate the mechanism accompanying the speciation between S. maritimus (2n = 60) and S. alterniflorus (2n = 62), resulting from chromosome restructuring, and identify key adaptive genes in the corresponding regions. This represents critical findings to decipher molecular mechanisms underlying species expansion, adaptation to environmental challenge and invasiveness.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56983-8
spellingShingle Armel Salmon
Yan Hao
Morgane Milin
Oscar Lima
Armand Cavé-Radet
Delphine Giraud
Corinne Cruaud
Karine Labadie
Benjamin Istace
Caroline Belser
Jean-Marc Aury
Patrick Wincker
Bo Li
Lin-Feng Li
Malika Ainouche
On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids
Nature Communications
title On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids
title_full On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids
title_fullStr On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids
title_full_unstemmed On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids
title_short On the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass Sporobolus section Spartina mesopolyploids
title_sort on the way to diploidization and unexpected ploidy in the grass sporobolus section spartina mesopolyploids
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56983-8
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