Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity

In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract as a natural reducing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by the TEM, AFM, XRD, DLS, FTIR, and UV–visible spectral analysis. Visual confirmation of AgNP synthesis was indica...

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Main Authors: Bangaru Babu Alampally, Y Subba Rao, Sravanthi Pidamarthi, Sankara Rao Miditana, Pulsingh Dhanavath, Durga Bhavani A.K.
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294983922500077X
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author Bangaru Babu Alampally
Y Subba Rao
Sravanthi Pidamarthi
Sankara Rao Miditana
Pulsingh Dhanavath
Durga Bhavani A.K.
author_facet Bangaru Babu Alampally
Y Subba Rao
Sravanthi Pidamarthi
Sankara Rao Miditana
Pulsingh Dhanavath
Durga Bhavani A.K.
author_sort Bangaru Babu Alampally
collection DOAJ
description In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract as a natural reducing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by the TEM, AFM, XRD, DLS, FTIR, and UV–visible spectral analysis. Visual confirmation of AgNP synthesis was indicated by the appearance of a reddish-brown color, further supported by a UV–visible SPR band at approximately 453 nm. FTIR analysis supported the formation and stabilization of the nanoparticles, attributed to the phytochemicals present in the flower extract. The AgNPs were characterized by XRD analysis that confirmed the FCC crystalline nature of the AgNPs with an average crystalline size of 20.8 nm. EDX confirmed the presence of elemental silver. HRTEM images showed that the AgNPs are nearly spherical with an average size of 31.5 nm. The high negative potential value of AgNPs (−36.7 mV) was evident from DLS studies. AFM data revealed that the particles were agglomerated and spherical in shape, with less than 40 nm. The AgNPs also exhibited good antioxidant activities against DPPH radical with 66.72 % radical scavenging ability. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated notable anticancer activity against burst cancer cell lines (77.28 µg/mL in the MTT assay) and demonstrated good antibacterial activities against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria with a Zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 16 mm. This study demonstrates the synthesis of AgNPs and their promising in biomedical applications, and the benefits of using plant extracts to prepare green nanoparticles.
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spelling doaj-art-9ea995cd5a8d4cf1bb9a9e8e052d5e592025-08-20T05:08:31ZengElsevierSustainable Chemistry for the Environment2949-83922025-09-011110028210.1016/j.scenv.2025.100282Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activityBangaru Babu Alampally0Y Subba Rao1Sravanthi Pidamarthi2Sankara Rao Miditana3Pulsingh Dhanavath4Durga Bhavani A.K.5Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; Department of Chemistry, Silver Jubilee Government College, Cluster University Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh 518002, IndiaDST-Purse Centre, SV University, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517583, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; Telangana Tribal Welfare Residential Degree College, Maripeda, Mahabubabad, Telangana 506315, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Government Degree College Puttur, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517583, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Government College (Autonomous), Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515001, IndiaDepartment of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana 500007, India; Corresponding author.In this research, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract as a natural reducing agent. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by the TEM, AFM, XRD, DLS, FTIR, and UV–visible spectral analysis. Visual confirmation of AgNP synthesis was indicated by the appearance of a reddish-brown color, further supported by a UV–visible SPR band at approximately 453 nm. FTIR analysis supported the formation and stabilization of the nanoparticles, attributed to the phytochemicals present in the flower extract. The AgNPs were characterized by XRD analysis that confirmed the FCC crystalline nature of the AgNPs with an average crystalline size of 20.8 nm. EDX confirmed the presence of elemental silver. HRTEM images showed that the AgNPs are nearly spherical with an average size of 31.5 nm. The high negative potential value of AgNPs (−36.7 mV) was evident from DLS studies. AFM data revealed that the particles were agglomerated and spherical in shape, with less than 40 nm. The AgNPs also exhibited good antioxidant activities against DPPH radical with 66.72 % radical scavenging ability. The biosynthesized AgNPs demonstrated notable anticancer activity against burst cancer cell lines (77.28 µg/mL in the MTT assay) and demonstrated good antibacterial activities against gram-negative bacteria and gram-positive bacteria with a Zone of inhibition ranging from 8 to 16 mm. This study demonstrates the synthesis of AgNPs and their promising in biomedical applications, and the benefits of using plant extracts to prepare green nanoparticles.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294983922500077XCharacterizationFCC crystalFree radicalLung cancerReduction
spellingShingle Bangaru Babu Alampally
Y Subba Rao
Sravanthi Pidamarthi
Sankara Rao Miditana
Pulsingh Dhanavath
Durga Bhavani A.K.
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity
Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment
Characterization
FCC crystal
Free radical
Lung cancer
Reduction
title Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity
title_full Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity
title_fullStr Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity
title_full_unstemmed Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity
title_short Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Azadirachta indica (Neem) fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer activity
title_sort green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using azadirachta indica neem fruit pulp extract and their antioxidant antibacterial and anticancer activity
topic Characterization
FCC crystal
Free radical
Lung cancer
Reduction
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S294983922500077X
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