Impact of underlying diseases and complications on COVID-19 mortality in South Korea: analysis of national health insurance service data
Abstract Background Comorbidities or complications significantly influence coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality risk. Therefore, this study aimed to compare treatment outcomes of COVID-19 inpatients by underlying diseases or complications. Method Data on COVID-19 patients from...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Archives of Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01509-3 |
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| author | Kyunghee Lee Jieun Hwang |
| author_facet | Kyunghee Lee Jieun Hwang |
| author_sort | Kyunghee Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Comorbidities or complications significantly influence coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality risk. Therefore, this study aimed to compare treatment outcomes of COVID-19 inpatients by underlying diseases or complications. Method Data on COVID-19 patients from the National Health Insurance Service customized research database were analyzed while focusing on eight underlying diseases and complications: diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, dementia, depression, and respiratory disease. Results Of the 377,812 COVID-19 patients in 2021, 51.47% were male and 48.53% were female, and post-diagnosis mortality was 2.04%; 68.7% (n = 259,560) of patients had at least one underlying condition, with the following frequency: respiratory disease (78.88%), heart disease (33.84%), hypertension (30.29%), liver disease (21.38%), depression (9.32%), kidney disease (4.89%), and dementia (3.87%). Among patients without any underlying diseases, 19.8% (n = 74,925) were treated for post-diagnosis complications, with the following frequency: respiratory disease (89.21%), liver disease (19.12%), heart disease (14.90%), diabetes (10.37%), hypertension (8.22%), depression (3.86%), kidney disease (2.04%), and dementia (0.64%). Except for liver disease, all underlying diseases were associated with mortality. COVID-19 patients with diabetes exhibited a 1.42-fold higher mortality risk (95% confidence interval [CI ]1.35–1.50). All complications were associated with death, with kidney-related complications conferring a 4.84-fold higher mortality risk (95% CI 3.62–6.48). Conclusion Underlying diseases and complications in COVID-19 patients were associated with death. Even with the same disease, the timing of onset, before or after COVID-19 diagnosis, induced a difference in the mortality risk. Both underlying diseases and complications should be considered for more proactive medical interventions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9e57b990fff3409fbbd0c5cb208b58e6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2049-3258 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-9e57b990fff3409fbbd0c5cb208b58e62025-01-26T12:16:17ZengBMCArchives of Public Health2049-32582025-01-018311910.1186/s13690-025-01509-3Impact of underlying diseases and complications on COVID-19 mortality in South Korea: analysis of national health insurance service dataKyunghee Lee0Jieun Hwang1Department of Healthcare Management, Eulji University of KoreaDepartment of Health Administration, College of Health Science, Dankook UniversityAbstract Background Comorbidities or complications significantly influence coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality risk. Therefore, this study aimed to compare treatment outcomes of COVID-19 inpatients by underlying diseases or complications. Method Data on COVID-19 patients from the National Health Insurance Service customized research database were analyzed while focusing on eight underlying diseases and complications: diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, kidney disease, liver disease, dementia, depression, and respiratory disease. Results Of the 377,812 COVID-19 patients in 2021, 51.47% were male and 48.53% were female, and post-diagnosis mortality was 2.04%; 68.7% (n = 259,560) of patients had at least one underlying condition, with the following frequency: respiratory disease (78.88%), heart disease (33.84%), hypertension (30.29%), liver disease (21.38%), depression (9.32%), kidney disease (4.89%), and dementia (3.87%). Among patients without any underlying diseases, 19.8% (n = 74,925) were treated for post-diagnosis complications, with the following frequency: respiratory disease (89.21%), liver disease (19.12%), heart disease (14.90%), diabetes (10.37%), hypertension (8.22%), depression (3.86%), kidney disease (2.04%), and dementia (0.64%). Except for liver disease, all underlying diseases were associated with mortality. COVID-19 patients with diabetes exhibited a 1.42-fold higher mortality risk (95% confidence interval [CI ]1.35–1.50). All complications were associated with death, with kidney-related complications conferring a 4.84-fold higher mortality risk (95% CI 3.62–6.48). Conclusion Underlying diseases and complications in COVID-19 patients were associated with death. Even with the same disease, the timing of onset, before or after COVID-19 diagnosis, induced a difference in the mortality risk. Both underlying diseases and complications should be considered for more proactive medical interventions.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01509-3ComplicationsCOVID-19MortalityUnderlying diseases |
| spellingShingle | Kyunghee Lee Jieun Hwang Impact of underlying diseases and complications on COVID-19 mortality in South Korea: analysis of national health insurance service data Archives of Public Health Complications COVID-19 Mortality Underlying diseases |
| title | Impact of underlying diseases and complications on COVID-19 mortality in South Korea: analysis of national health insurance service data |
| title_full | Impact of underlying diseases and complications on COVID-19 mortality in South Korea: analysis of national health insurance service data |
| title_fullStr | Impact of underlying diseases and complications on COVID-19 mortality in South Korea: analysis of national health insurance service data |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of underlying diseases and complications on COVID-19 mortality in South Korea: analysis of national health insurance service data |
| title_short | Impact of underlying diseases and complications on COVID-19 mortality in South Korea: analysis of national health insurance service data |
| title_sort | impact of underlying diseases and complications on covid 19 mortality in south korea analysis of national health insurance service data |
| topic | Complications COVID-19 Mortality Underlying diseases |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13690-025-01509-3 |
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