Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation
Discovered in 1993, micoRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as one of the major regulatory gene families in eukaryotes. To date, 24521 microRNAs have been discovered and there are certainly more to come. It was primarily acknowledged that miRNAs result in gene expression repression at both the level of...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2014-01-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Genomics |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/970607 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832556695732092928 |
|---|---|
| author | Ayla Valinezhad Orang Reza Safaralizadeh Mina Kazemzadeh-Bavili |
| author_facet | Ayla Valinezhad Orang Reza Safaralizadeh Mina Kazemzadeh-Bavili |
| author_sort | Ayla Valinezhad Orang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Discovered in 1993, micoRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as one of the major regulatory gene families in eukaryotes. To date, 24521 microRNAs have been discovered and there are certainly more to come. It was primarily acknowledged that miRNAs result in gene expression repression at both the level of mRNA stability by conducting mRNA degradation and the level of translation (at initiation and after initiation) by inhibiting protein translation or degrading the polypeptides through binding complementarily to 3′UTR of the target mRNAs. Nevertheless, some studies revealed that miRNAs have the capability of activating gene expression directly or indirectly in respond to different cell types and conditions and in the presence of distinct cofactors. This reversibility in their posttranslational gene regulatory natures enables the bearing cells to rapidly response to different cell conditions and consequently block unnecessary energy wastage or maintain the cell state. This paper provides an overview of the current understandings of the miRNA characteristics including their genes and biogenesis, as well as their mediated downregulation. We also review up-to-date knowledge of miRNA-mediated gene upregulation through highlighting some notable examples and discuss the emerging concepts of their associations with other posttranscriptional gene regulation processes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d4571ae7d154fa7ba85a0fd0eca7c08 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2314-436X 2314-4378 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Genomics |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d4571ae7d154fa7ba85a0fd0eca7c082025-02-03T05:44:44ZengWileyInternational Journal of Genomics2314-436X2314-43782014-01-01201410.1155/2014/970607970607Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific UpregulationAyla Valinezhad Orang0Reza Safaralizadeh1Mina Kazemzadeh-Bavili2Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranDepartment of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranDepartment of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The University of Tabriz, Tabriz, IranDiscovered in 1993, micoRNAs (miRNAs) are now recognized as one of the major regulatory gene families in eukaryotes. To date, 24521 microRNAs have been discovered and there are certainly more to come. It was primarily acknowledged that miRNAs result in gene expression repression at both the level of mRNA stability by conducting mRNA degradation and the level of translation (at initiation and after initiation) by inhibiting protein translation or degrading the polypeptides through binding complementarily to 3′UTR of the target mRNAs. Nevertheless, some studies revealed that miRNAs have the capability of activating gene expression directly or indirectly in respond to different cell types and conditions and in the presence of distinct cofactors. This reversibility in their posttranslational gene regulatory natures enables the bearing cells to rapidly response to different cell conditions and consequently block unnecessary energy wastage or maintain the cell state. This paper provides an overview of the current understandings of the miRNA characteristics including their genes and biogenesis, as well as their mediated downregulation. We also review up-to-date knowledge of miRNA-mediated gene upregulation through highlighting some notable examples and discuss the emerging concepts of their associations with other posttranscriptional gene regulation processes.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/970607 |
| spellingShingle | Ayla Valinezhad Orang Reza Safaralizadeh Mina Kazemzadeh-Bavili Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation International Journal of Genomics |
| title | Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation |
| title_full | Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation |
| title_fullStr | Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation |
| title_short | Mechanisms of miRNA-Mediated Gene Regulation from Common Downregulation to mRNA-Specific Upregulation |
| title_sort | mechanisms of mirna mediated gene regulation from common downregulation to mrna specific upregulation |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/970607 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aylavalinezhadorang mechanismsofmirnamediatedgeneregulationfromcommondownregulationtomrnaspecificupregulation AT rezasafaralizadeh mechanismsofmirnamediatedgeneregulationfromcommondownregulationtomrnaspecificupregulation AT minakazemzadehbavili mechanismsofmirnamediatedgeneregulationfromcommondownregulationtomrnaspecificupregulation |