Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, for which few effective treatments exist. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> root extract and its key constituents (baicalein,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/223 |
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| author | Rattana Summat Pornthip Waiwut Supawadee Daodee Natsajee Nualkaew Khemjira Phemphunananchai Puguh Novi Arsito Yaowared Chulikhit Orawan Montakantirat Charinya Khamphukdee Chantana Boonyarat |
| author_facet | Rattana Summat Pornthip Waiwut Supawadee Daodee Natsajee Nualkaew Khemjira Phemphunananchai Puguh Novi Arsito Yaowared Chulikhit Orawan Montakantirat Charinya Khamphukdee Chantana Boonyarat |
| author_sort | Rattana Summat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, for which few effective treatments exist. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> root extract and its key constituents (baicalein, chrysin, oroxylin A) against AD hallmarks. The extract and its constituents exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay. They inhibited β-amyloid aggregation as measured by the thioflavin T assay and acetylcholinesterase activity using the Ellman method. In cell culture models, <i>O. indicum</i> extract showed an ability to protect neurons from the toxic effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Western blot analysis revealed the extract and its major active component, baicalein, downregulated pro-apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3, and BAX) upon H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exposure. Furthermore, they reduced the expression of amyloidogenic proteins (BACE1) and phosphorylated tau. These findings suggest that <i>O. indicum</i> root extract, particularly baicalein, possesses multifaceted neuroprotective properties, targeting various aspects of AD pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid formation, aggregation, and apoptosis. <i>O. indicum</i> root thus warrants further investigation as a promising source of therapeutic agents for AD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d3253c28ede46848503afaae807334e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d3253c28ede46848503afaae807334e2025-01-24T13:46:49ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114222310.3390/plants14020223Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s DiseaseRattana Summat0Pornthip Waiwut1Supawadee Daodee2Natsajee Nualkaew3Khemjira Phemphunananchai4Puguh Novi Arsito5Yaowared Chulikhit6Orawan Montakantirat7Charinya Khamphukdee8Chantana Boonyarat9Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani 34190, ThailandFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55183, IndonesiaFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandFaculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, ThailandAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, for which few effective treatments exist. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> root extract and its key constituents (baicalein, chrysin, oroxylin A) against AD hallmarks. The extract and its constituents exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay. They inhibited β-amyloid aggregation as measured by the thioflavin T assay and acetylcholinesterase activity using the Ellman method. In cell culture models, <i>O. indicum</i> extract showed an ability to protect neurons from the toxic effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Western blot analysis revealed the extract and its major active component, baicalein, downregulated pro-apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3, and BAX) upon H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exposure. Furthermore, they reduced the expression of amyloidogenic proteins (BACE1) and phosphorylated tau. These findings suggest that <i>O. indicum</i> root extract, particularly baicalein, possesses multifaceted neuroprotective properties, targeting various aspects of AD pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid formation, aggregation, and apoptosis. <i>O. indicum</i> root thus warrants further investigation as a promising source of therapeutic agents for AD.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/223baicaleinoroxylin Achrysinantioxidantβ-amyloid aggregation inhibitionanti-acetylcholinesterase |
| spellingShingle | Rattana Summat Pornthip Waiwut Supawadee Daodee Natsajee Nualkaew Khemjira Phemphunananchai Puguh Novi Arsito Yaowared Chulikhit Orawan Montakantirat Charinya Khamphukdee Chantana Boonyarat Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease Plants baicalein oroxylin A chrysin antioxidant β-amyloid aggregation inhibition anti-acetylcholinesterase |
| title | Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full | Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_fullStr | Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_short | Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease |
| title_sort | phytomedicine potential of i oroxylum indicum i root and its constituents targeting alzheimer s disease |
| topic | baicalein oroxylin A chrysin antioxidant β-amyloid aggregation inhibition anti-acetylcholinesterase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/223 |
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