Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease

Phytomedicine Potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> Root and Its Constituents: Targeting Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, for which few effective treatments exist. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> root extract and its key constituents (baicalein,...

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Main Authors: Rattana Summat, Pornthip Waiwut, Supawadee Daodee, Natsajee Nualkaew, Khemjira Phemphunananchai, Puguh Novi Arsito, Yaowared Chulikhit, Orawan Montakantirat, Charinya Khamphukdee, Chantana Boonyarat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Plants
Subjects:
baicalein
oroxylin A
chrysin
antioxidant
β-amyloid aggregation inhibition
anti-acetylcholinesterase
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/223
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Summary:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by a gradual decline in cognitive function, for which few effective treatments exist. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of <i>Oroxylum indicum</i> root extract and its key constituents (baicalein, chrysin, oroxylin A) against AD hallmarks. The extract and its constituents exhibited antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay. They inhibited β-amyloid aggregation as measured by the thioflavin T assay and acetylcholinesterase activity using the Ellman method. In cell culture models, <i>O. indicum</i> extract showed an ability to protect neurons from the toxic effects of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Western blot analysis revealed the extract and its major active component, baicalein, downregulated pro-apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3, and BAX) upon H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> exposure. Furthermore, they reduced the expression of amyloidogenic proteins (BACE1) and phosphorylated tau. These findings suggest that <i>O. indicum</i> root extract, particularly baicalein, possesses multifaceted neuroprotective properties, targeting various aspects of AD pathogenesis, including oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, β-amyloid formation, aggregation, and apoptosis. <i>O. indicum</i> root thus warrants further investigation as a promising source of therapeutic agents for AD.
ISSN:2223-7747

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