Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health
Comorbidities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental pollution have emerged as serious concerns. The exposome concept underscores the cumulative impact of environmental factors, including climate change, air pollution, chemicals like PFAS, and heavy metals, on cardiovascular healt...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Vinay Kumar Hemavathy S Lohith Kumar Dasarahally Huligowda Mridul Umesh Pritha Chakraborty Basheer Thazeem Anand Prakash Singh |
| author_facet | Vinay Kumar Hemavathy S Lohith Kumar Dasarahally Huligowda Mridul Umesh Pritha Chakraborty Basheer Thazeem Anand Prakash Singh |
| author_sort | Vinay Kumar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Comorbidities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental pollution have emerged as serious concerns. The exposome concept underscores the cumulative impact of environmental factors, including climate change, air pollution, chemicals like PFAS, and heavy metals, on cardiovascular health. Chronic exposure to these pollutants contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, further exacerbating the global burden of CVDs. Specifically, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), heavy metals, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics have been implicated in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through various mechanisms. PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure leads to inflammation and metabolic disruptions. Ozone and CO exposure induce oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. NO<sub>2</sub> exposure contributes to cardiac remodeling and acute cardiovascular events, and sulfur dioxide and heavy metals exacerbate oxidative stress and cellular damage. Pesticides and microplastics pose emerging risks linked to inflammation and cardiovascular tissue damage. Monitoring and risk assessment play a crucial role in identifying vulnerable populations and assessing pollutant impacts, considering factors like age, gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle disorders. This review explores the impact of cardiovascular disease, discussing risk-assessment methods, intervention strategies, and the challenges clinicians face in addressing pollutant-induced cardiovascular diseases. It calls for stronger regulatory policies, public health interventions, and green urban planning. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9d2c18e55903407d8c333f7c58123b4e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj-art-9d2c18e55903407d8c333f7c58123b4e2025-01-24T13:24:31ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-01-0113124110.3390/biomedicines13010241Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac HealthVinay Kumar0Hemavathy S1Lohith Kumar Dasarahally Huligowda2Mridul Umesh3Pritha Chakraborty4Basheer Thazeem5Anand Prakash Singh6Biomaterials & Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, IndiaBiomaterials & Tissue Engineering (BITE) Laboratory, Department of Community Medicine, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, IndiaInstitute for Water and Wastewater Technology, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4001, South AfricaDepartment of Life Sciences, Christ University, Hosur Road, Bengaluru 560029, Karnataka, IndiaArea of Molecular Medicine, Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560066, Karnataka, IndiaWaste Management Division, Integrated Rural Technology Centre (IRTC), Palakkad 678592, Kerala, IndiaFrankel Cardiovascular Center, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAComorbidities related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and environmental pollution have emerged as serious concerns. The exposome concept underscores the cumulative impact of environmental factors, including climate change, air pollution, chemicals like PFAS, and heavy metals, on cardiovascular health. Chronic exposure to these pollutants contributes to inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, further exacerbating the global burden of CVDs. Specifically, carbon monoxide (CO), ozone, particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), heavy metals, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics have been implicated in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality through various mechanisms. PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure leads to inflammation and metabolic disruptions. Ozone and CO exposure induce oxidative stress and vascular dysfunction. NO<sub>2</sub> exposure contributes to cardiac remodeling and acute cardiovascular events, and sulfur dioxide and heavy metals exacerbate oxidative stress and cellular damage. Pesticides and microplastics pose emerging risks linked to inflammation and cardiovascular tissue damage. Monitoring and risk assessment play a crucial role in identifying vulnerable populations and assessing pollutant impacts, considering factors like age, gender, socioeconomic status, and lifestyle disorders. This review explores the impact of cardiovascular disease, discussing risk-assessment methods, intervention strategies, and the challenges clinicians face in addressing pollutant-induced cardiovascular diseases. It calls for stronger regulatory policies, public health interventions, and green urban planning.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/241cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)environmental pollutantscardiac healthhealth risk factorsparticulate matter |
| spellingShingle | Vinay Kumar Hemavathy S Lohith Kumar Dasarahally Huligowda Mridul Umesh Pritha Chakraborty Basheer Thazeem Anand Prakash Singh Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health Biomedicines cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) environmental pollutants cardiac health health risk factors particulate matter |
| title | Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health |
| title_full | Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health |
| title_fullStr | Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health |
| title_short | Environmental Pollutants as Emerging Concerns for Cardiac Diseases: A Review on Their Impacts on Cardiac Health |
| title_sort | environmental pollutants as emerging concerns for cardiac diseases a review on their impacts on cardiac health |
| topic | cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) environmental pollutants cardiac health health risk factors particulate matter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/1/241 |
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