Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract Introduction South Asia is observing an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases where diabetes is an important marker. In this study, we estimate the overall prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries. Method A systematic literature rev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Springer
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Discover Public Health |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00426-8 |
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| author | Masum Ali Md Mahbub Alam M. A. Rifat Sonjida Mesket Simi Sneha Sarwar Md Ruhul Amin Sanjib Saha |
| author_facet | Masum Ali Md Mahbub Alam M. A. Rifat Sonjida Mesket Simi Sneha Sarwar Md Ruhul Amin Sanjib Saha |
| author_sort | Masum Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction South Asia is observing an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases where diabetes is an important marker. In this study, we estimate the overall prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries. Method A systematic literature review and meta-analysis is performed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, and Afghanistan using studies based on only the nationally representative surveys and published from 2012 until June 2024. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Both random-effect (Der Simonian-Laird inverse variance) and fixed-effect models were used to perform meta-analyses followed by meta-regression. Results We identified 64 studies for diabetes and 14 studies for prediabetes, covering a total of 4,613,487 and 156,407 participants, respectively. Overall, the pooled prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 8.56% (95% CI 5.73–11.91; I2 = 99.99%) and 18.99% (95% CI 12.74–26.6; I2 = 99.87%), respectively, with high heterogeneity observed among the studies based on random-effect models. We also found that the prevalence of diabetes identified by clinical methods was higher than the self-reported measures. Conclusion The analyses revealed that the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asia throughout the study period is significantly elevated. This necessitates the establishment of comprehensive guidelines for South Asians to mitigate the escalating prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9cf5169efdc24e7bb66e388cf1cd4ead |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3005-0774 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Discover Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-9cf5169efdc24e7bb66e388cf1cd4ead2025-02-02T12:09:06ZengSpringerDiscover Public Health3005-07742025-01-0122113010.1186/s12982-025-00426-8Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysisMasum Ali0Md Mahbub Alam1M. A. Rifat2Sonjida Mesket Simi3Sneha Sarwar4Md Ruhul Amin5Sanjib Saha6Nutrition and Health Science, Laney Graduate School. Emory UniversityInstitute of Food Science and Technology (IFST), BCSIRKarolinska InstitutetPoverty, Gender, and Inclusion Unit, International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)Institute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of DhakaInstitute of Nutrition and Food Science (INFS), University of DhakaHealth Economics Unit, Department of Clinical Science (Malmö), Lund UniversityAbstract Introduction South Asia is observing an epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases where diabetes is an important marker. In this study, we estimate the overall prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries. Method A systematic literature review and meta-analysis is performed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, and Afghanistan using studies based on only the nationally representative surveys and published from 2012 until June 2024. The quality of the included articles was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Both random-effect (Der Simonian-Laird inverse variance) and fixed-effect models were used to perform meta-analyses followed by meta-regression. Results We identified 64 studies for diabetes and 14 studies for prediabetes, covering a total of 4,613,487 and 156,407 participants, respectively. Overall, the pooled prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes was 8.56% (95% CI 5.73–11.91; I2 = 99.99%) and 18.99% (95% CI 12.74–26.6; I2 = 99.87%), respectively, with high heterogeneity observed among the studies based on random-effect models. We also found that the prevalence of diabetes identified by clinical methods was higher than the self-reported measures. Conclusion The analyses revealed that the prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asia throughout the study period is significantly elevated. This necessitates the establishment of comprehensive guidelines for South Asians to mitigate the escalating prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00426-8 |
| spellingShingle | Masum Ali Md Mahbub Alam M. A. Rifat Sonjida Mesket Simi Sneha Sarwar Md Ruhul Amin Sanjib Saha Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis Discover Public Health |
| title | Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in South Asian countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes in south asian countries a systematic review and meta analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12982-025-00426-8 |
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