Mucosal multivalent NDV-based vaccine provides cross-reactive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models

Mucosal multivalent NDV-based vaccine provides cross-reactive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants in animal models

IntroductionA new generation of mucosal vaccine against the ever-evolving SARS-CoV-2 is of great value to fight COVID-19. In previous studies, our groups developed a viral vector vaccine based on an avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV...

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Main Authors: Irene González-Domínguez, Adam Abdeljawad, Tsoi Ying Lai, Marta Boza, Stephen McCroskery, Nicholas Lemus, Stefan Slamanig, Gagandeep Singh, Prajakta Warang, Temima Yellin, Anass Abbad, Juan Manuel Carreño, Victoria Dolange, Jose Luis Martínez-Guevara, Marina Barcena-Varela, Lauren A. Chang, Michael Schotsaert, Florian Krammer, Peter Palese, Weina Sun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-03-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:
transmission-proof
sterilizing immunity
viral shedding
COVID-19
Coronavirus
vector vaccine
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1524477/full
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Summary:IntroductionA new generation of mucosal vaccine against the ever-evolving SARS-CoV-2 is of great value to fight COVID-19. In previous studies, our groups developed a viral vector vaccine based on an avirulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) expressing the prefusion-stabilized spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 (NDV-HXP-S).MethodsHere we characterized the in vivo biodistribution and immunogenicity of a live mucosal NDV-HXP-S vaccine in animal models.ResultsNDV showed restricted replication in mice and hamsters. Despite limited replication, intranasal live NDV-HXP-S provided protection against SARS-CoV-2 challenge and direct-contact transmission in hamsters. Importantly, a trivalent live NDV-HXP-S vaccine (Wuhan, Beta, Delta) induced more cross-reactive antibody responses against the phylogenetically distant Omicron variant than the ancestral vaccine. Furthermore, intranasal trivalent live NDV-HXP-S boosted systemic and mucosal immunity in mice pre-immunized with mRNA vaccine.DiscussionOverall, a mucosal multivalent live NDV-HXP-S vaccine shows great promise as a safe, next-generation vaccine conferring broad mucosal and systemic immunity against future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
ISSN:1664-3224

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